浅埋炸药爆炸形貌及其冲击作用效应

赵振宇; 周贻来; 任建伟; 卢天健

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0376

浅埋炸药爆炸形貌及其冲击作用效应

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0376

赵振宇^{1, 2,},
周贻来^{1, 2},
任建伟^{1, 2},
卢天健^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南京航空航天大学机械结构力学与控制国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210016
2.
南京航空航天大学多功能轻量化材料和结构工信部重点实验室，江苏南京 210016

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11972185, 12002156）；中国博士后科学基金（2020M671473）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵振宇（1986－　），男，博士，副研究员， zhenyu_zhao@nuaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
卢天健（1964－　），男，博士，教授， tjlu@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 313
- HTML全文浏览量: 177
- PDF下载量: 89
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-08
- 修回日期: 2021-10-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-09

Explosion morphology and impacting effects of shallow-buried explosives

ZHAO Zhenyu^{1, 2
,},
ZHOU Yilai^{1, 2},
REN Jianwei^{1, 2},
LU Tianjian^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
2.
MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究浅埋炸药爆炸形貌及其冲击作用效应，提出了一套新型试验工装，通过浅埋砂爆试验，系统探究了浅埋爆炸过程中冲击波的传播、爆炸产物与砂土的喷射轨迹、靶板的变形形貌以及爆炸载荷的空间分布情况。结果表明：浅埋爆炸在空气中产生冲击波，其传播速度大于爆炸产物与砂土的喷射速度；起爆后的爆炸产物与砂土迅速向外喷射，体积随时间不断膨胀，撞击到靶板后向四周扩散；通过特殊设计的试验工装与靶板，定性得出浅埋砂爆载荷产生的冲量在空间中呈非均匀分布，即中间最大，向四周逐渐减小。对比分析2次不同试验，发现炸药埋深影响爆炸产物和砂土喷射时的相对位置：埋深较小时，爆炸产物会冲破覆盖的砂层，直接作用到靶板；埋深较大时，爆炸产物基本被砂层包覆，随砂土共同作用到靶板；此外，增大炸药埋深会延缓爆炸产物与砂土的喷射时间。砂土的类型直接影响靶板的变形形貌，按北约标准AEP-55配做的砂土不仅使靶板产生整体弯曲变形，还在靶板上形成大量凹坑，产生侵彻效果，而普通的河砂仅使靶板产生整体弯曲变形，无明显的侵彻效果。
- 浅埋爆炸载荷 /
- 试验工装 /
- 冲击波 /
- 喷射轨迹 /
- 冲量分布
Abstract: In modern warfare, shallow-buried explosives, such as landmines and improvised explosive devices, pose serious threats to civil/military vehicles and passengers. To study the explosion morphology and impacting effects of shallow-buried explosives (TNT), a novel set of test facility was proposed in this study and used to perform shallow-buried sand explosion tests. By changing the type of sand and the buried depth of the explosives, the propagation of shock wave, the ejection trajectory of explosion products and sand, the deformation morphology of target plate, and the spatial distribution of explosion load were systematically investigated. It was demonstrated that shallow-buried sand explosion generated a shock wave in air, with a propagation velocity significantly greater than the ejection velocity of explosion products and sand. Upon detonation, the explosion products and sand were rapidly ejected outwards with continuously increasing volume, and spread around after hitting the target plate. The impulse generated by shallow-buried sand explosion was non-uniformly distributed in space, largest in the central explosion area and gradually decreasing outwards. The buried depth of explosives in sand affected the relative position of explosive products and sand when they were ejected. When the buried depth was relatively small, the explosive products would break through the covered sand layer and directly act on the target plate. When the buried depth was sufficiently large, the explosive products were essentially covered by a sand layer, which acted on the target plate together at a delayed instant. The type of sand used significantly affected the deformation morphology of the target plate. The sand purposely prepared in accordance with the NATO standard AEP-55 not only caused overall bending deformation of the target plate, but also formed a large number of pits on the target plate, thus generating a penetration effect. In contrast, the ordinary river sand only caused overall bending deformation of the target plate, with little penetration effect observed. The results obtained in this study are helpful for designing more effective protective structures against intense blast impacting from shallow-buried explosives.
- shallow-buried explosion /
- new test facility /
- shock wave /
- jet trajectory /
- impulse distribution

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图 1 试验工装示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of test set-up

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图 2 靶板平面尺寸

Figure 2. In-plane geometric dimensions of target plate

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图 3 AL6063的真实应力-应变曲线

Figure 3. True stress-strain curve of AL6063

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图 4 试验1和试验2采用砂土的形貌

Figure 4. Morphologies of sand used in test 1 and test 2

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图 5 试验1和试验2采用砂土的粒径分布

Figure 5. Particle size distribution of sand used in test 1 and test 2

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图 6 试验用TNT及其起爆方式

Figure 6. TNT and its initiation charge

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图 7 炸药、砂土、靶板的相对位置

Figure 7. Relative positions of explosive, sand and target plate

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图 8 靶板边界条件

Figure 8. Boundary conditions of target plates

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图 9 爆炸过程

Figure 9. Explosion process

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图 10 冲击波横向传播过程

Figure 10. Transverse propagation process of shock wave

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图 11 冲击波与砂土的速度时程曲线

Figure 11. Velocity versus time curves for both shock wave and sand

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图 12 靶板变形

Figure 12. Deformation of target plates

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图 13 靶板变形轮廓

Figure 13. Deformed profiles of target plates

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图 14 靶板的变形挠度

Figure 14. Deformations of target plates

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图 15 试验1和试验2产生的炸坑形貌

Figure 15. Morphologies of bomb-craters in Test 1 and Test 2

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图 16 靶板变形形貌对比

Figure 16. Comparison of deformation morphologies of target plates

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图 17 试验1和试验2中爆炸产物和砂土的喷射轨迹对比

Figure 17. Comparison of ejection trajectories of explosive products and sands between test 1 and test 2

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图 18 砂土对靶板的侵彻作用

Figure 18. Penetrations of sand particles into target plates

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图 19 试验1靶板上凹坑数量统计

Figure 19. Statistics of pits formed on target plates after shallow-buried explosion

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图 20 不同直径凹坑与砂子所占比例

Figure 20. Proportion of holes and sand particles having different diameters

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表 1 浅埋砂爆试验参数

Table 1. Parameters of shallow buried sand explosion

试验	炸药参数				砂土参数			炸药位置参数
试验	类型	质量/kg	直径/mm	高度/mm	类型	密度/（kg·m⁻³）	含水量/%	埋深/mm	炸高/mm
1	TNT	1	90	90	北约标准砂	2261	4.3	100	1000
2	TNT	1	90	90	普通河砂	1387	18.6	145	1000

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