Influences of negative pressure conditions on the explosion temperature field and harmful effects of emulsion explosive
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摘要: 为了探究负压条件下乳化炸药的爆轰反应机制，利用自制的可视化球形爆炸罐，通过高速摄像机、压力传感器和噪声仪分别记录乳化炸药的爆炸火焰传播过程、爆轰波压力和爆炸噪声，采用比色测温技术重构了爆炸火球的二维温度场，并深入研究了初始真空度对乳化炸药爆炸温度场、爆轰波特征参数以及爆炸噪声的影响。实验结果表明：随着初始真空度的提高，爆炸火球亮度更高，持续时间更长，形态更稳定；当真空度为0 kPa时，火球在19.35 μs时破裂，而当真空度为100 kPa时，火球在58.05 μs才开始破裂；低初始真空度对火球温度影响较小，而60 kPa以上的初始真空度会显著提高乳化炸药的爆炸温度；冲击波峰值压力和比冲量均随着初始真空度的升高而降低，但初始真空度对冲击波正压作用时间变化的影响不明显。AUTODYN数值模拟结果表明，随着真空度的提高，冲击波峰值压力降低，冲击波速度逐渐降低至与爆轰产物的膨胀速度接近。此外，初始真空度的提高有利于降低爆炸噪声，与常压相比，当罐体内真空度为100 kPa时，爆炸噪声的声压级降低了35.9 dB，降幅为29.8%。Abstract: In order to explore the mechanism of the detonation reaction of emulsion explosives under negative pressure conditions, a self-made visualized spherical explosion tank was designed, and the explosion flame propagation process, detonation wave pressure and explosion noise of emulsion explosive were measured by a high-speed camera, a pressure sensor and a noise meter, respectively. Furthermore, the two-dimensional temperature field of explosion fireball was reconstructed by using the colorimetric temperature measurement technology and the effects of the initial vacuum degree on the explosion temperature field, while the detonation wave characteristic parameters and the explosion noise of emulsion explosives were studied in depth. Combined with the simulation results of the AUTODYN software, the influences of negative pressures on the explosive pressure fields were analyzed, and the detonation mechanism of the emulsion explosive in the negative pressure environment was also discussed. The experimental results show that with the increase of the initial vacuum degree, the explosion fireball became brighter, lasted longer and had a more stable morphology; when the vacuum degree was 0 kPa, the fireball began to rupture at 19.35 μs, while the vacuum degree was 100 kPa, the fireball began to rupture at 58.05 μs; a low initial vacuum degree had little effect on the fireball temperature, while the initial vacuum degree above 60 kPa would significantly increase the explosion temperature of emulsion explosives. The peak pressure and specific impulse of shock wave decreased with the increase of initial vacuum degree, while the effect of initial vacuum degree on the positive pressure action time of shock wave was not obvious. AUTODYN numerical simulation results show that the peak pressure of the shock wave decreases with the increase of the vacuum degree, the shock wave velocity gradually decreases, being closer to the expansion velocity of the detonation product. In addition, the increase of the initial vacuum degree was beneficial for the reduction of the explosion noise, compared with atmospheric pressure, when the vacuum degree in the tank was 100 kPa, the sound pressure level of explosion noise was reduced by 35.9 dB, with a reduction of 29.8%.
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Key words:
- vacuum explosion /
- emulsion explosive /
- colorimetric pyrometer /
- shock wave parameters /
- explosion noise
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图 3 高温钨丝灯校准实验
Figure 3. The calibration experiment of the high-temperature tungsten filament lamp
图 4 0 kPa真空度下乳化炸药爆轰火球的传播过程
Figure 4. Explosion fireball propagation of emulsion explosive under the vacuum degree of 0 kPa
图 5 100 kPa真空度下乳化炸药爆轰火球的传播过程
Figure 5. Explosion fireball propagation of emulsion explosive under the vacuum degree of 100 kPa
图 6 0 kPa真空度下乳化炸药瞬态爆炸温度场
Figure 6. Transient explosion temperature field of emulsion explosive under the vacuum degree of 0 kPa
图 7 100 kPa真空度下乳化炸药瞬态爆炸温度场
Figure 7. Transient explosion temperature field of emulsion explosive under the vacuum degree of 100 kPa
图 8 不同真空度下乳化炸药爆炸平均温度-时间曲线
Figure 8. Average temperature-time curves of explosion of emulsion explosives under different vacuum degrees
图 9 在不同真空度下乳化炸药爆炸的典型压力-时间曲线
Figure 9. Typical pressure-time curves of explosion of emulsion explosive under different vacuum degrees
图 10 一维球对称楔形计算模型
Figure 10. The one-dimensional spherically symmetric wedge computational model
图 11 不同真空度下乳化炸药的冲击波超压
Figure 11. Shock wave overpressures of emulsion explosive under different vacuum degrees
图 12 0 kPa真空度下冲击波波阵面的形成与发展
Figure 12. Formation and development of the shock wave front under the vacuum degree of 0 kPa
图 13 100 kPa真空度下冲击波波阵面的形成与发展
Figure 13. Formation and development of the shock wave front under the vacuum degree of 100 kPa
图 14 不同初始真空度下乳化炸药爆炸噪声的声压级最大值
Figure 14. The maximum sound pressure levels of noises induced by explosion of emulsion explosive under different initial vacuum degrees
表 1 乳化炸药试样质量
Table 1. Mass of emulsion explosive samples
真空度/kPa 质量/g 样品1 样品2 样品3 0 20.01 19.99 20.03 20 19.97 20.04 20.03 40 19.98 20.01 20.00 60 20.00 19.96 20.01 80 20.02 20.04 20.03 100 20.04 19.98 19.99 
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表 2 爆炸火球在不同真空度下的持续时间
Table 2. Duration of explosive fireballs under different vacuum degrees
真空度/kPa 火球持续时间/μs 0 45.15 20 51.60 40 64.50 60 70.95 80 77.40 100 90.30
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表 3 不同真空度下乳化炸药爆炸的冲击波参数
Table 3. Shock wave parameters for explosion of emulsion explosive under different vacuum degrees
真空度/kPa 峰值压力/kPa 正压作用时间/μs 正冲量/(Pa·s) 0 64.58 542 13.18 20 61.44 541 11.98 40 57.19 543 10.92 60 53.04 532 10.43 80 44.06 526 9.11 100 25.76 514 4.17
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表 4 不同真空度下的空气密度
Table 4. Air density under different vacuum degrees
真空度/kPa 空气密度/(kg·m−3) 0 1.225 20 0.980 40 0.735 60 0.490 80 0.245 100 0.0123
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