Abstract: Hydrogen plays a key role in the global clean energy transition, but its flammability and high explosion hazard also make hydrogen safety a research hotspot. Focusing on the latest research achievements in the field of hydrogen explosion suppression by scholars at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively reviews different types of explosion suppression materials and mechanisms. Firstly, it introduces the research progress of gas, liquid, solid, and multiphase composite explosion suppression materials, and compares and analyzes the explosion suppression effects, key parameters, and their variation rules. Secondly, it discusses the physical, chemical, and physicochemical processes by which explosion suppression materials affect hydrogen explosions, to reveal the explosion suppression mechanisms of various materials. Finally, it looks forward to the future development trend of hydrogen explosion suppression materials, emphasizing the exploration of high-efficiency explosion suppression materials and the deepening of mechanism research, as well as the many challenges faced in practical applications. This provides a reference and inspiration for the research and development of new hydrogen explosion suppression materials.