细观非均匀介质中的耦合波动传播

陆建华; 袁良柱; 谢雨珊; 陈美多; 王鹏飞; 徐松林

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0438

细观非均匀介质中的耦合波动传播

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0438

陆建华^1,,
袁良柱¹,
谢雨珊¹,
陈美多¹,
王鹏飞¹,
徐松林^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室，安徽合肥 230027
2.
中国地震局地震预测研究所高压物理与地震科技联合实验室，北京 100036

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11672286，11872361）；高压物理与地震科技联合实验室开放基金（2019HPPES01）；中国石油与中国科学院重大战略合作项目（2015A-4812）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（WK2480000008）

详细信息

作者简介:
陆建华（1997－　），男，博士研究生，lujianhua@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐松林（1971－　），男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，slxu99@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-12
- 修回日期: 2024-02-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-12

Coupled wave propagation in meso-scale heterogeneous medium

1.
CAS Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
2.
United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China

摘要

摘要: 非均匀介质在自然界中十分常见，针对细观非均匀介质的波动力学行为和非均匀性描述的研究具有重要意义并充满挑战。建立了反映细观非均匀材料压剪耦合特性的一般压剪耦合本构关系，提出了描述材料非均匀性的耦合系数，并建立了广义波动方程。广义波动方程数值分析表明，耦合系数的正负、取值和组合与应力/应变张量共同影响耦合波动传播过程。作为算例，给出了一阶近似的压剪耦合参数确定的本构关系以及3个压剪耦合特征波速的表达式，并利用有限差分法得到了耦合压缩波和剪切波的传播过程。研究了4个非均匀性耦合系数对应力状态、耦合波速和波传播过程的影响。耦合压缩波速反映了剪切对压缩的耦合效应和体积压实效应2种机制的竞争，耦合剪切波速反映了压缩对剪切的耦合效应和介质持续畸变带来的剪切弱化效应2种机制的竞争。这些机制可通过压剪耦合参数的不同组合来实现。应用真三轴实验系统测量了花岗岩、由砂浆制成的模型材料、具有粗骨料的水泥砂浆制成的材料3种非均匀介质在不同压剪应力下的纵波波速。结果表明，体积压实效应普遍存在，而非均匀程度越高，材料伸缩的同时完成切向的畸变导致压缩波的速度显著降低，剪切对纵波波速的影响越占据主导。理论计算结果与实验结果整体趋势基本一致。本研究可为非均匀材料的波速和动态力学性能研究提供物理机制方面的解释。
- 非均匀性 /
- 压剪耦合效应 /
- 广义波动方程 /
- 本构关系 /
- 波速
Abstract: Heterogeneous media is very common in nature. Due to the complex internal structure, the heterogeneous compressive shear coupled stress field is inside heterogeneous media, which leads to the mutual influence of compression waves and shear waves. The study of wave mechanics behavior and description of heterogeneity in heterogeneous media is of great significance and full of challenges. This article established a general constitutive relationship that reflected the compression shear coupling characteristics of heterogeneous materials, proposed coupling coefficients to describe material heterogeneity, combined momentum conservation law to establish a generalized wave equation, and provided a general method for solving the generalized wave equation. As an example, expressions for the three characteristic wave velocities of compression shear coupling under the first-order compression shear coupling constitutive relationship were provided, and the finite difference method was employed to obtain the propagation process of coupled compression waves and shear waves. The effects of four heterogeneous coupling coefficients on stress state, coupled wave velocity, and wave propagation process were studied. The positive and negative values, as well as the combination of coupling parameters, reflected the structural characteristics of heterogeneous media and also determined the properties of compression shear coupling waves. For heterogeneous media with high-pressure effects, shear dilation effects, and shear weakening effects, the coupled compression wave velocity was lower than the elastic compression wave velocity corresponding to uniform media, and the coupled shear wave velocity was higher than the elastic shear wave velocity. The effect of shear on compression delayed the propagation of compressive stress, while compression promoted the propagation of shear. Coupled compression wave velocity was the result of the competition between the coupling effect of shear on compression and the volume compaction effect. Coupled shear wave velocity was the competition between the coupling effect of compression on shear and the shear weakening effect caused by continuous distortion of the medium. These mechanisms could be achieved through different combinations of compression shear coupling parameters. The true triaxial experimental testing system was used to measure the longitudinal wave velocity of granite, model materials made of mortar, and materials made of cement mortar with coarse aggregates under different compressive and shear stresses. The results indicated that for heterogeneous media, the longitudinal wave velocity decreased with the increase of static water pressure and equivalent shear stress, and the shear expansion effect and shear weakening effect dominated. The experimental results and theoretical results had the same trend. The conclusion of this study was expected to provide a physical mechanism explanation for the phenomenon of the variation of wave velocity with stress state in heterogeneous materials.
- heterogeneity /
- compression-shear coupling effect /
- generalized wave equation /
- constitutive relationship /
- wave velocity

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图 1 耦合参数对静水压力和等效剪应力的影响

Figure 1. Influence of coupling parameters on hydrostatic pressure and equivalent shear stress

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图 2 耦合参数对耦合压缩波速和耦合剪切波速的影响

Figure 2. Influence of coupling parameters on coupled compression wave velocity and coupled shear wave velocity

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图 3 耦合参数对压剪耦合波传播的影响

Figure 3. Influence of coupling parameters on the propagation of compressive-shear coupled waves

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图 4 真三轴实验设备的实物和示意图

Figure 4. Photo and schematic diagram of the true triaxial experimental equipment

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图 5 y+杆侧面和截面的示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the side and section of the y+ bar

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图 6 真三轴测试系统中应变片的位置

Figure 6. Position of strain gauges in the true triaxial testing system

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图 7 在x、y和z轴上的围压分别为20、12和8 MPa时，子弹撞击水泥砂浆材料（MMM）记录的波形

Figure 7. Waveform recorded by the projectile impacting the cement mortar material (MMM) at confining pressures of 20, 12, and 8 MPa on the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively

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图 8 花岗岩试样在不同静水压力和等效剪应力下的纵波波速

Figure 8. Longitudinal wave velocity in granite under different hydrostatic pressures and equivalent shear stresses

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图 9 MMM试样在不同静水压力和等效剪应力下的纵波波速

Figure 9. Longitudinal wave velocity in MMM under different hydrostatic pressures and equivalent shear stresses

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图 10 MMMA试样在不同静水压力和等效剪应力下的纵波波速

Figure 10. Longitudinal wave velocity in MMMA under different hydrostatic pressures and equivalent shear stresses

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表 1 3个试样的参数

Table 1. Parameters for three specimens

试样材料	x方向长度/mm	y方向长度/mm	z方向长度/mm	质量/g	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比
花岗岩	50.10±0.34	50.14±0.34	50.18±0.34	321	2.64	70.0	0.20
MMM	49.70±0.48	50.02±0.34	49.64±0.37	263	2.12	16.5	0.15
MMMA	50.12±0.34	50.20±0.34	50.20±0.34	292	2.31	45.0	0.25

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表 2 试样的围压条件

Table 2. Confining pressure conditions of the specimen

序号	试样材料	压应力/MPa			静水压力/MPa	等效剪应力/MPa
序号	试样材料	x方向	y方向	z方向	静水压力/MPa	等效剪应力/MPa
1	花岗岩	16	16	16	16.00	0
2		5	16	5	8.67	6.35
3		15	5	20	13.33	7.64
4		20	5	20	15.00	8.66
5		20	12	8	13.33	6.11
6	MMM	5	5	5	5.00	0
7		16	5	16	12.33	6.35
8		5	16	5	8.67	6.35
9		16	16	16	16.00	0
10	MMMA	5	5	5	5.00	0
11		16	16	16	16.00	0
12		16	5	16	12.33	6.35
13		5	16	5	8.67	6.35
14		20	12	8	13.33	6.11

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