连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料的抗侵彻性能研究

王洋; 李广滨; 王桂吉; 唐恩凌; 高国文; 彭辉

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0472

连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料的抗侵彻性能研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0472

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
沈阳理工大学辽宁省瞬态物理力学与能量转换材料重点实验室，辽宁沈阳 110159

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（12141203）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　洋（1998－　），硕士研究生，wangyang.0331@163.com

通讯作者:
彭　辉（1986－　），博士，副研究员，penghui299@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3; TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 96
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-29
- 修回日期: 2024-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-17

A study of anti-penetration properties of continuous fiber-reinforced high-porosity composites^1,2

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Transient Physical Mechanics and Energy Conversion Materials of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 首先，用二级轻气炮发射Q235钢质弹丸，对连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料开展弹道侵彻实验，计算了弹道极限，归纳和分析了其损伤的形态和模式，并将这种复合材料的侵彻防护性能与其他材料进行了比较；然后，对弹道侵彻连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料进行了数值模拟，比较了剩余速度、损伤的形态和范围，模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好；进而通过观察有限元模拟的弹孔形态、应力分布和损伤分布等方式，对侵彻过程的损伤机理进行了分析。研究结果可为复合材料在防热、冲击防护与承受外载荷等多功能一体化的应用提供参考依据。
- 连续纤维增强复合材料 /
- 弹道极限 /
- 侵彻防护性能 /
- 损伤机理 /
- 能量转化
Abstract: It is of great scientific significance and application value to study the anti-penetration performance of continuous fiber-reinforced high-porosity composites. First, the ballistic penetration experiments of 20 mm thick continuous fiber-reinforced high-porosity composites were carried out by using two-stage light gas gun firing Q235 steel projectiles of diameter 4.5 mm. Based on the analysis of the initial and final velocities of bullet penetration, the ballistic limit of the material is obtained. By observing the damage patterns of the target plate, these patterns are divided into three types from low to high according to the initial velocity of the projectiles: back-crack type, back-burst type and penetrated type. The anti-penetration performance of this composite material is compared with other materials by specific energy absorption, showing that the anti-penetration performance of the composite against low-speed penetration up to 600 m/s is better than those of steel, aluminum, Kevlar and glass fiber composite. Then, an orthogonal anisotropic continuum damage constitutive model is proposed for the continuous fiber-reinforced high-porosity composites. This constitutive model is written as a subroutine and embedded in the finite element software by secondary development. On this basis, the finite element simulations of ballistic penetrations of continuous fiber reinforced high-porosity composites are conducted. The validity of the constitutive and finite element models is verified by comparing the final velocity, ballistic limit and damage range of the back surface obtained from experiment and simulation. Furthermore, the damage mechanism of the penetration process is analyzed by observing the shape of the bullet hole, stress distribution and damage distribution obtained from the finite element simulation. The results show that the formation of the bullet hole during the penetration of spherical projectile is caused by shear damage, the debonding of fiber and matrix is caused by the combined action of compression and shear, the delamination damage of the target plate is caused by the tension wave created by the reflection of compression wave, and the fiber breakage belongs to tension damage. Besides, the kinetic energy, internal energy and their proportion to the kinetic energy change of the bullet are compared with the initial velocity. It is pointed out that most of the kinetic energy of the projectile is transformed into the kinetic energy of the fragment of target plates and the plastic deformation energy of the projectile. The research results provide a reference for the multifunctional integration of these composite materials in heat protection, penetration protection and load bearing.
- continuous fiber reinforced composite /
- ballistic limit /
- anti-penetration property /
- failure mechanism /
- energy transformation

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图 1 连续纤维增强高孔隙复合材料靶板

Figure 1. Target plate made from continuous fiber reinforced high-porosity lightweight heat-resistant composite

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图 2 二级轻气炮构造示意图^[15]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of two-stage light gas gun^[15]

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图 3 弹道冲击实验后弹丸回收样品

Figure 3. Recovered projectiles after the ballistic impact experiment

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图 4 靶板迎弹面损伤形态

Figure 4. Damage morphology of the impact surface of the target plate

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图 5 背面裂缝型损伤形态（实验6）

Figure 5. Appearance of back-crack damage pattern (shot 6)

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图 6 背面炸裂型损伤形态

Figure 6. Appearance of back-burst damage pattern

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图 7 切孔型损伤形态

Figure 7. Appearance ofpenetrated damage pattern

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图 8 弹体侵彻的剩余速度与初速度的关系曲线

Figure 8. Relationship between residual velocity and initial velocity in projectile penetration

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图 9 不同材料比吸能对比^[20-26]

Figure 9. Comparison of specific absorption energy of different materials^[20-26]

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图 10 侵彻有限元模型

Figure 10. Finite element model of penetration

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图 11 弹丸侵彻的剩余速度与初速度的实验与数值模拟结果的关系

Figure 11. Experimental and numerical simulation results of residual velocity and initial velocity in projectile penetration

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图 12 实验与数值模拟的损伤形态

Figure 12. Damage morphology obtained from experiment and numerical simulation

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图 13 弹丸速度-时间关系曲线

Figure 13. Velocity - time curves of projectile

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图 14 第2发实验对应数值模拟的侵彻过程有效应力云图

Figure 14. Effective stress cloud pictures obtained from numerical simulation of bullet penetration process of shot 2

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图 15 不同初速度下的弹孔形态

Figure 15. Bullet hole patterns under different initial velocities

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图 16 弹丸接触力随时间的变化

Figure 16. Variation of projectile contact force with time

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图 17 弹孔及周围的应力分布云图

Figure 17. The stress distribution cloud picture of the penetration hole and its surroundings

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图 18 弹孔周围不同的失效判据因子对应的损伤因子分布云图

Figure 18. Damage factor evolution distribution cloud map corresponding to different failure criterion factors surrounding the projectile hole

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图 19 不同损伤类型的实验结果与数值仿真损伤因子分布云图

Figure 19. Experimental results and numerical simulation damage factor distribution cloud pictures of different damage types

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图 20 靶板动能、内能及其占比与初速度的关系

Figure 20. Variations of kinetic energy, internal energy and their proportions of target plate with initial velocity

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表 1 侵彻实验结果

Table 1. Experimental results of penetration

实验	初速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	末速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	弹丸动能/J	损伤类型
1	1640.0	1227.5	218.83	切孔型
2	1450.9	1040.1	189.31	切孔型
3	1082.0	715.5	121.87	背面炸裂型
4	1046.2	651.0	124.09	背面炸裂型
5	583.7	未穿透	63.03	未穿透
6	775.0	263.5	98.27	背面裂缝型

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表 2 靶板迎弹面、背弹面损伤范围

Table 2. 2Damage range of the impact surface and back surface of the target plate

实验	初速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	迎弹面损伤范围直径/mm	背弹面损伤范围直径/mm
1	1640.0	6.17	14.80
2	1450.9	8.63	14.78
3	1082.0	6.19	18.83
4	1046.2	5.19	16.07
5	583.7	5.23	未穿透
6	775.0	5.52	17.37

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表 3 不同初速度下的比吸能

Table 3. Specific absorption energy under different initial velocities

实验	初速度/ (m∙s⁻¹)	末速度/ (m∙s⁻¹)	弹丸动能变化/J	比吸能/ (MJ∙kg⁻¹)
1	1640	1227.5	221.52	0.76
2	1450.9	1040.1	191.64	0.66
3	1082	715.5	123.37	0.43
4	1045.8	651	125.45	0.43
5	583.7	未穿透	63.81	0.37
6	775	263.5	99.48	0.34

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表 4 靶板的材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of the target plate

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	ν₂₁	ν₃₁	ν₃₂	G₁₂/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	X_t/MPa
0.911	4.00	4.00	1.54	0.19	0.25	0.25	3.50	1.60	1.60	30.0

Y_t/MPa	X_c/MPa	Y_c/MPa	Z_t/MPa	Z_c/MPa	S₁₂/MPa	S₂₃/MPa	S₁₃/MPa	m_i	C_rate	$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s⁻¹
30.0	89.7	89.7	10.0	78.0	20.0	15.0	15.0	1.0～3.0	0.03～0.2	10.0

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表 5 Q235钢的材料参数^[31-32]

Table 5. Material parameters of Q235 steel^[31-32]

材料密度/(kg·cm⁻³)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	屈服极限/MPa
7850	210	0.3	235

切线模量/GPa	硬化参数β	参考应变率/s⁻¹	Cowper-Symonds 参数n
8	1	40.4	5

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表 6 数值模拟结果与实验结果对比

Table 6. Comparison of numerical simulation results with experimental results

实验	实验初速度/(m·s⁻¹)	实验末速度/(m·s⁻¹)	模拟末速度/(m·s⁻¹)	模拟与实验结果的偏差/%
1	1640.0	1227.5	1202	2.04
2	1450.9	1040.1	995	4.34
3	1082.0	715.5	697	2.52
4	1046.0	651.0	624	4.59
5	583.7	未穿透，弹孔深约12 mm	未穿透，弹孔深约13 mm	8.30
6	775.0	263.5	280	7.22

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