Investigation of impact resistance in novel TWIP steel / ceramic composite structures
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摘要: 为提升装甲的抗冲击防护效能，开展陶瓷与新型TWIP钢复合结构的抗冲击性能研究，通过一级轻气炮实验、微观结构表征与数值模拟，研究了碳化硅陶瓷与TWIP钢复合结构在高速冲击载荷下的层裂强度，变形机制和损伤特性。实验结果表明，复合结构在层裂强度和应变率方面相较于纯TWIP钢分别有22.76%和7.09%的提高，复合结构的层裂程度较弱，裂纹和微孔洞数量较少，显示出更好的抗冲击性能。微观分析揭示了材料在冲击载荷下的损伤机制，包括微孔洞的形成、聚集和主裂纹的形成。采用LS/DYNA数值模拟对此类复合结构的抗冲击性能开展研究，结合实验结果验证了模型的准确性。基于数值模拟分析了冲击过程中不同时刻的应力分布，计算得到结构产生裂纹的临界冲击速度为225 m/s左右，并进一步分析了钢材性能对复合结构抗冲击性能影响。Abstract: To enhance the anti-impact protective performance of armor systems and address the demands of lightweight armored vehicles and military equipment, a systematic study was conducted on the ballistic resistance of a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic/novel TWIP (Twinning-Induced Plasticity) steel composite structure. Samples of the SiC ceramic/TWIP steel composite and monolithic TWIP steel were fabricated for comparative analysis. Single-stage light gas gun plate impact experiments were performed at a flyer impact velocity of 500 m/s to obtain free-surface velocity profiles of both materials under high-velocity loading. The spall strength and strain rate sensitivity of the composite and monolithic steel were calculated from these profiles and statistically compared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution and damage mechanisms, including microvoid nucleation, coalescence, and primary crack propagation, in the impacted samples. Numerical simulations were implemented using LS-DYNA, where the TWIP steel was modeled with the Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive equation, and a particle-based method was adopted to simulate the brittle ceramic phase. The simulations were extended to investigate spallation behavior at varying impact velocities and to evaluate the influence of different steel properties on composite performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite exhibits 22.76% and 7.09% enhancements in spall strength and strain rate sensitivity, respectively, compared to monolithic TWIP steel. Microstructural analysis reveals that both materials undergo ductile fracture characterized by microvoid coalescence; however, the composite shows significantly weaker spall damage, confirming its superior impact resistance. The numerical model achieves excellent agreement with experimental data, validating its predictive accuracy. Stress distribution analysis during the impact process identifies a critical crack-initiation velocity of approximately 225 m/s. Furthermore, the influence of steel properties on the anti-impact performance of the composite structure was analyzed, demonstrating that the novel TWIP steel exhibits superior performance.
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Key words:
- impact loading /
- light gas gun /
- novel TWIP steel /
- failure mechanism /
- spall strength
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图 11 新型TWIP钢层的应力分布与裂裂纹形貌
Figure 11. Stress distribution and crack morphology of new TWIP Steel
图 12 复合结构不同冲击速度下的等效应力分布图
Figure 12. Equivalent stress distribution diagram of composite structure under different impact velocities
图 13 单独TWIP钢不同冲击速度下的等效应力分布图
Figure 13. Equivalent stress distribution diagram of single TWIP Steel under different impact velocities
图 14 S275N结构钢复合材料不同冲击速度下的等效应力分布图
Figure 14. Equivalent stress distribution diagram of S275N structural steel composite under different impact velocities
表 1 新型TWIP钢基本力学性能表
Table 1. Basic mechanical properties of novel TWIP Steel
屈服强度/
MPa抗拉强度/
MPa屈强比 均匀延伸率 断裂伸长率 强塑积/
(MPa%)350 853 0.411 0.582 0.606 51680 
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表 2 材料密度与硬度
Table 2. Material density and hardness
材料 密度/(g·cm−3) 布式硬度/GPa 新型TWIP钢 7.61 3.97 SiC陶瓷 3.20 24.8
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表 3 飞片与样品规格
Table 3. Specifications of flyer and sample
工况 飞片直径/
mm飞片厚度/
mm样品直径/
mm样品厚度/
mm样品
质量/g样品平均密度/
(g·cm−3)1 13.3 1.0 12.0 2.2 1.642 6.6 2 13.3 1.0 12.0 2.0 1.721 7.6
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表 4 轻气炮冲击试验结果参数
Table 4. Parameters of impact test results of light gas gun
编号 uf/(m·s−1) $ \dot{\varepsilon } $/(105 s−1) Δu/(m·s−1) cl/(km·s−1) cs/(km·s−1) cb/(km·s−1) σsp/GPa 1 493 1.354 161 5.540 3.130 4.199 2.980 2 492 1.450 173 5.569 3.118 4.267 3.172
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表 5 SiC陶瓷基本力学参数
Table 5. Basic mechanical parameters of SiC ceramics
密度/(g·cm−3) 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 350 245 0.51 157 99
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