高速破片撞击燃油箱导致的燃油喷溅特性

陈安然; 陈海华; 余曜; 卞付国; 于浩杰; 李向东

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0100

高速破片撞击燃油箱导致的燃油喷溅特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0100

陈安然^{1, 2,},
陈海华¹,
余曜¹,
卞付国³,
于浩杰¹,
李向东^2, ,

1.
上海机电工程研究所，上海 201109
2.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
3.
上海航天技术研究院，上海 201109

基金项目: 国防科技基础加强计划技术领域基金（2020-JCJQ-JJ-401）；国家自然科学基金（11572159）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划（KYCX19_0329，KYCX19_0330）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈安然（1995－　），女，博士，工程师，chenar2016@163.com

通讯作者:
李向东（1969—　），男，博士，教授，lixiangd@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O358
计量
- 文章访问数: 276
- HTML全文浏览量: 33
- PDF下载量: 70
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-27
- 修回日期: 2025-10-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-21

Study of the characteristics of fuel spurt caused by high-velocity fragment impact the fuel tank

CHEN Anran^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Haihua¹,
YU Yao¹,
BIAN Fuguo³,
YU Haojie¹,
LI Xiangdong^{2
, ,}

1.
Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute, Shanghai 201109, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
3.
Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China

摘要

摘要: 高速破片撞击燃油箱时产生液压水锤效应，其引发的燃油喷溅可能导致燃油箱引燃甚至爆炸，从而降低高价值目标的生存能力。为研究液压水锤效应导致的燃油喷溅特性，进行了高速破片撞击模拟燃油箱的试验，测试并分析了喷溅燃油的速度特性和空间分布特性；提出了液团初始运动速度v₀与液团发散速度的概念，在此基础上建立了描述喷溅燃油时空分布的理论模型；根据侵彻孔口的裂纹情况和孔边缘金属材料的形状变化，并考虑液体内压力分布的影响，对流量系数C_v的取值进行分类：当v₀≤737 m/s时，C_v的取值范围为0.60～0.70；当737 m/s<v₀<906 m/s时，C_v的取值范围为0.25～0.55；当v₀≥906 m/s时，C_v的取值范围为0.75～0.95。研究表明，燃油喷溅轴向距离的理论计算结果与试验结果平均误差在15%以内，修正后的径向距离理论计算结果与试验结果误差在5%左右，即理论模型计算结果可较好复现试验结果。
- 高速撞击 /
- 燃油箱 /
- 液压水锤效应 /
- 燃油喷溅
Abstract: When a high-velocity fragment impacted the fuel tank, hydrodynamic ram occurred. The fuel spurt caused by hydrodynamic ram may result in the ignition or even explosion of the fuel tank, thus threatening the survivability of the high-value target. To study the characteristics of fuel spurt caused by the hydrodynamic ram event, an experiment of a high-velocity fragment impacting a simulated fuel tank was conducted, and the characteristics of velocity and spatial distribution of the fuel spurt were tested and analyzed. In order to quantitatively describe the initial motion velocity of the fuel spurt and the attenuation process of its movement in the air, the specific volume unit within the fuel was defined as fuel mass. The concepts of initial motion velocity v₀ and dispersion velocity of the fuel mass were proposed. The process of fuel mass spurting from the penetration orifices was simplified into three stages: (1) the fuel mass was about to spurt out, (2) the fuel mass spurted from the penetration orifices; (3) the fuel mass was moving in the air and gradually became atomized. On this basis, the theoretical model of the distribution of fuel spurt was established. According to the cracks at the penetration orifices and the shape change of the material at the edge of the orifices, the value of the coefficient of discharge was classified, and the influence of the distribution of pressure in the fuel was also taken into account during the calculation. When v₀≤737 m/s, the range of C_v is from 0.60 to 0.70. When 737 m/s<v₀<906 m/s, C_v ranges from 0.25 to 0.55. When v₀≥906 m/s, C_v ranges from 0.75 to 0.95. The research showed that the average error between the calculation results of the fuel spurt axial distance and the experimental results was less than 15%. The error between the calculation results of the corrected theoretical model of radial distance and the experimental results was about 5%. The calculated results of the theoretical model were in good agreement with the experimental results.
- high-velocity impact /
- fuel tank /
- hydrodynamic ram /
- fuel spurt

HTML全文

图 1 液压水锤效应的5个阶段

Figure 1. 5 Phases of hydrodynamic ram

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图 2 瞬态液体喷溅与空腔变化的对应关系^[8]

Figure 2. The corresponding relationship between liquid spurt and cavity evolution^[8]

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图 3 压力在流体中的分布规律^[20]

Figure 3. Distribution of pressure in the fluid^[20]

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图 4 试验现场布置

Figure 4. Test setup

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图 5 长方体模拟燃油箱的框架及安装组件

Figure 5. Frame and components of the liquid-filled container.

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图 6 侵彻孔形状（左：前面板，右：后面板）

Figure 6. Shape of penetration orifices (left: front panel, right: rear panel)

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图 7 液体喷溅速度随时间变化、拟合结果及拟合参数变化规律

Figure 7. Variation regular of liquid spurt velocity with time, fitting results and fitting parameters

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图 8 式(1)计算结果与试验结果的对比

Figure 8. Comparison of calculation results of eq. (1) and test results

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图 9 拟合参数与撞击速度的关系

Figure 9. The relationship of the fitting parameters with impact velocity

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图 10 式(2)计算结果与试验结果对比

Figure 10. Comparison of calculation results of eq. (2) and experimental results

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图 11 喷溅速度衰减率

Figure 11. Velocity of the attenuation rate of liquid spurt

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图 12 燃油从侵彻孔喷出的简化过程

Figure 12. Simplified process of fuel spurts from orifice

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图 13 燃油液团运动过程及参数

Figure 13. The movement process and parameters of fuel spurt

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图 14 空腔动力学演化（v₀ = 1251 m/s）^[15]

Figure 14. The cavity dynamics evolution (v₀ = 1251 m/s)^[15]

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图 15 燃油喷溅过程（v₀=1251 m/s）^[15]

Figure 15. The fuel spurt proceed (v₀=1251 m/s)^[15]

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图 16 喷溅液体分布理论结果与试验结果对比（v₀=1251 m/s，前面板处第1次喷溅）

Figure 16. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results of distribution of liquid spurt (v₀=1251 m/s, first spurt at front panel)

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图 17 喷溅液体分布理论结果与试验结果对比（v₀=1251 m/s，前面板处第2次喷溅）

Figure 17. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results of distribution of liquid spurt (v₀=1251 m/s, second spurt at front panel)

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图 18 喷溅液体分布理论结果与试验结果对比（v₀=996 m/s，前面板处第1次喷溅）

Figure 18. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results of distribution of liquid spurt (v₀=996 m/s, first spurt at front panel)

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图 19 喷溅液体分布理论结果与试验结果对比（v₀=996 m/s，前面板处第2次喷溅）

Figure 19. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results of distribution of liquid spurt (v₀=996 m/s, second spurt at front panel)

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表 1 破片撞击燃油箱的液体喷溅速度试验结果

Table 1. Test results of liquid spurt velocity of fragment impacting the fuel tank

v₀/（m·s⁻¹）	u_r/（m·s⁻¹）	u_d/（m·s⁻¹）	v_s/（m·s⁻¹）
v₀/（m·s⁻¹）	u_r/（m·s⁻¹）	u_d/（m·s⁻¹）	第1次喷溅	第2次喷溅
577	71	506	56	44
609	92	517	79	94
737	163	574	48	94
777	150	627	43	39
854	253	601	54	26
866	220	646	32	35
906	265	641	45	51
996	284	712	100	78
1109	308	801	50	51
1117	324	793	112	55
1251	340	911	113	89

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表 2 破片撞击速度与液体喷溅速度试验与理论结果

Table 2. Experimental and theoretical results of the velocity of fragment and liquid spurt

v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	v_s1/(m·s⁻¹)		误差/%	v_s2/(m·s⁻¹)		误差/%
v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	试验结果	理论结果	误差/%	试验结果	理论结果	误差/%
609	79	82.79	4.80	94	79.78	−17.99
737	48	46.78	−2.54	94	100.12	12.75
777	43	42.890	−0.24	39	48.51	22.11
854	54	53.92	−0.15	26	26.85	1.57
866	32	29.57	−7.61	35	34.63	−1.16
906	45	45.11	0.25	51	62.08	24.61
996	100	111.89	11.89	78	59.85	−18.15
1109	50	59.02	18.04	51	49.57	−2.87
1117	112	118.78	6.06	55	75.23	18.06
1251	113	118.29	4.68	89	79.59	−8.33

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