深层梯度结构钢在动态冲击下的力学行为与微观组织演变

曹泰逢; 张团卫; 王志华

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0373

深层梯度结构钢在动态冲击下的力学行为与微观组织演变

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0373

曹泰逢^{1, 2,},
张团卫^{1, 2, ,},
王志华^{1, 2}

1.
太原理工大学航空航天学院，山西太原 030024
2.
太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，山西太原 030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12225207）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹泰逢（1999－　），男，博士研究生，1336140467@qq.com

通讯作者:
张团卫（1990－　），男，博士，副教授, zhangtuanwei@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-14
- 修回日期: 2026-01-04
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-14

Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of deep gradient structural steel under dynamic impact

CAO Taifeng^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Tuanwei^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Zhihua^{1, 2}

1.
College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究梯度结构在动态条件下的力学行为，本文采用循环扭转方法在低碳钢中制备了深层梯度结构，并对其在宽应变率范围内（10⁻⁴～10³ s⁻¹）进行压缩实验与微结构演变分析。结果表明，梯度结构提升了低碳钢的屈服强度，并且表现出显著的应变率敏感性。此外，梯度程度会对变形机制产生影响：梯度程度较大的样品在变形过程中主要消耗中心软域的加工硬化能力，而边缘区域的硬化效果减弱，在动态条件下由于绝热温升效应，导致边缘硬域的位错密度反而降低。
- 梯度结构 /
- 动态压缩 /
- 应变率效应 /
- 变形机理
Abstract: The gradient structure (GS) has superior strength-ductility synergy due to its unique design strategy. This synergistic effect is mainly attributed to the heterogeneous deformation induced (HDI) strengthening caused by plastic strain gradient. The quasi-static mechanical behavior of gradient structures has been extensively revealed, but research on their mechanical property under dynamic conditions is almost blank, and the mechanical behavior of gradient structures under dynamic impact is not clear, which limits the application scope of gradient structures. Based on the above background, a series of experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of gradient structures under dynamic conditions. Firstly, two gradient structures with different gradient layer thicknesses were prepared using the cyclic torsion method. The cyclic torsion process involved 150 cycles of 10° (GS1) and 50 cycles of 20° (GS2), respectively. Then, the compression tests were conducted under a wide strain rate range (10⁻⁴−10³ /s). Finally, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the microstructure in detail. The results indicate that the gradient structure significantly improves the yield strength of low carbon steel. At a strain rate of 0.001 /s, the yield strengths of GS1 and GS2 samples were 407.5 and 483.6 MPa, respectively. Compared to the initial state (203.2 MPa), the yield strengths increased by 100.5% and 137.9%, respectively. Moreover, as the strain rate increases, the yield strength also gradually increases, exhibiting significant sensitivity to positive strain rate. Under dynamic conditions, the strain rate sensitivity of GS1 and GS2 samples increases sharply, reaching 0.129 and 0.1097, respectively, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than quasi-static conditions. In addition, the degree of gradient will have an impact on the deformation mechanism: samples with a higher degree of gradient mainly consume the work hardening ability of the central soft domain during the deformation process, while the hardening effect of the edge region is weakened. Under dynamic conditions, due to the adiabatic temperature rise effect, the dislocation density of the edge hard domain is actually reduced. This result deeply reveals the mechanical response and deformation mechanism related to strain rate in heterogeneous regions of gradient structures. On the one hand, it provides reference for the design of gradient structures, and on the other hand, it provides theoretical value for the future application of gradient structures in extreme service environments such as dynamic impact.
- gradient structure /
- dynamic compression /
- strain rate effect /
- deformation mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 LC钢初始态和GS样品径向不同区域的维氏硬度

Figure 1. Vickers hardness of LC steel in its initial state and at different radial positions in the GS samples

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图 2 径向不同区域的晶界分布图

Figure 2. Grain boundary distribution maps at different radial positions

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图 3 LC钢GS1和GS2样品径向不同区域的核取向差（KAM）

Figure 3. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) maps at different radial positions

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图 4 初始态和GS样品的宽应变率压缩真实应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Compressive true stress-strain curves of the initial-state and GS samples over a wide range of strain rates:

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图 5 初始态和GS样品的宽应变率压缩加工硬化率曲线

Figure 5. Compressive work hardening rate curves of the initial-state and GS samples over a wide range of strain rates

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图 6 LC钢初始态和GS样品的应变率敏感性

Figure 6. Strain rate sensitivity of LC initial and GS samples

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图 7 Z-A模型拟合LC钢在宽应变率下的屈服强度

Figure 7. Fitting the yield strength of LC steel at a wide strain rate using the Z-A model

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图 8 Z-A模型拟合LC-GS样品的塑性变形行为

Figure 8. Plastic deformation behavior of LC-GS samples fitted by Z-A mode

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图 9 LC钢初始态样品在压缩后的LAGB分数

Figure 9. Low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) fractions in the initial-state LC steel samples after compression

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图 10 LC钢初始态样品在压缩后的KAM分布

Figure 10. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions in the initial-state LC steel samples after compression

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图 11 LC-GS1样品在压缩后的LAGB

Figure 11. Low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) maps of the LC-GS1 samples after compression

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图 12 LC-GS1样品在压缩后的KAM分布

Figure 12. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions in the LC-GS1 samples after compression

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图 13 LC-GS2样品在压缩后的LAGB

Figure 13. Low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) maps of the LC-GS2 samples after compression

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图 14 LC-GS2样品在压缩后的KAM分布

Figure 14. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions in the LC-GS2 samples after compression

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图 15 LC-GS样品在压缩前后的KAM统计

Figure 15. KAM statistics of LC-GS samples before and after compression

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表 1 Z-A模型的拟合参数

Table 1. The fitted parameters of Z-A model

样品	$ \sigma _{0}^{*} $/MPa	$ {\beta }_{0} $/K⁻¹	$ {\beta }_{1} $/K⁻¹	$ c $/s
初始态	610.1	0.0030	2.68×10⁻⁴	3.11×10⁻⁴
GS1	793.2	0.0021	1.22×10⁻⁴	3.15×10⁻⁴
GS2	841.6	0.0019	8.90×10⁻⁵	3.23×10⁻⁴

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