Experimental study on evaluating the damage power of low kinetic energy fragile bullets
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摘要: 针对当前以橡皮弹为代表的传统防暴动能弹在应用过程中致伤致死概率较高问题，为提高防暴动能弹的使用安全性，基于现有非致命武器发射载具，设计一款兼具壳体可靠破碎和粉体分散释能特点的新型低动能易碎弹。通过对假人靶标和明胶靶标的射击试验，得到易碎弹钝击下2种靶标冲击动力响应。假人靶标试验中，该易碎弹破碎可靠，动能缓释效果明显。计算得到的假人不同部位损伤评估指标均在安全阈值内，与橡皮弹钝击试验结果的对比显示，该易碎弹在保证致痛性能的同时安全性明显高于橡皮弹。明胶靶标射击试验中，相同质量及着靶速度下，易碎弹和橡胶弹在明胶内部传感器产生的压强峰值相差约一个量级。试验结果表明，新型低动能易碎弹通过弹丸壳体破碎和弹丸内部填充粉体飞散，可有效衰减弹丸冲击压力峰值，大幅降低动能弹致伤威力，可为提高防暴动能弹药使用安全性提供技术支撑。Abstract: Addressing the high probability of injury and fatality associated with traditionalanti-riot kinetic energy projectiles represented by rubber bullets, a novel low-kinetic-energy frangible projectile with the characteristics of reliable shell fragmentation and the energy release of powder dispersion was designed based on the existing launch platforms of non-lethal weapons, aimed to improve the application safety of anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles. Through shooting tests on anthropomorphic dummy targets and ballistic gelatin targets, the dynamic impact responses of the two targets under the blunt impacts of frangible projectiles were obtained. In the dummy target tests, the frangible projectile achieved reliable fragmentation and exhibited a significant kinetic energy slow-release effect; the calculated injury assessment indicators for different parts of the dummy were all within the safety threshold. Comparative analyses with the blunt impact test results of rubber bullets show that this type of frangible projectile has significantly higher safety than rubber bullets while maintaining effective pain-inducing performance. In the ballistic gelatin target shooting tests, under the same projectile mass and impact velocity, the peak pressure generated in the gelatin measured by the internal sensor differed by approximately one order of magnitude between the frangible projectile and the rubber bullet. The test results show that the novel low-kinetic-energy frangible projectile can effectively attenuate the peak impact pressure of the projectile and greatly reduce its injury potential through the fragmentation of the projectile shell and the dispersion of the powder filled inside the projectile, which provides technical support for improving the application safety of anti-riot kinetic energy ammunition.
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图 4 CHN50-A男性假人靶标传感器安装位置
Figure 4. Sensors installation positions in CHN50-A male dummy target
图 5 易碎动能弹钝击假人试验示意图
Figure 5. Schematic of fragile kinetic energy projectile blunt strike dummy test
图 12 带猪皮明胶靶标钝击过程
Figure 12. Blunt impact process of porcine skin-covered ballistic gelatin target
表 1 低动能易碎弹的结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of low-kinetic-energy frangible projectiles
直径/mm 质量/g 长度/mm 密度/(g·cm−3) 粉体装填量/g 粉体粒径/μm 18.4 8.3 40 1.15 5.66～5.82 9.8 
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表 2 CHN50-A男性假人内部传感器参数
Table 2. Internal sensor parameters of CHN50-A male dummy
测试参数 安装位置 传感器数量×通道数 测量范围 头部加速度 头部质心 3×1 (241～314)g 胸部加速度 胸部质心 3×1 (241～314)g 胸部位移 胸部 1×1 50～68 mm 大腿力 大腿骨下端 2×1 4.4～5.4 kN
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表 3 假人靶标头部受力
Table 3. Impact forceson the head of dummy target
弹丸名称 弹丸质量/g 着靶速度/
(m·s−1)刚性壁最大
冲击力/N头部最大
作用力/N18.4 mm橡皮弹 8.54 73.84 6108.8 423.24 8.57 74.31 6145.3 438.20 8.57 74.15 6087.8 435.13 18.4 mm易碎动能弹 8.31 75.90 / 111.54
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表 4 钝击试验压强对比
Table 4. Pressure comparison in blunt impact test
靶标 弹药
类型质量/g 速度/
(m·s−1)动能/J 压强/MPa CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 带皮肤
明胶靶易碎弹 8.9 73.7 24.097 0.035 0.065 0.025 0.04 0.033 橡皮弹 9.0 99.3 44.408 0.599 0.156 0.09 0.334 0.412
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