双空孔间距对爆破槽腔断面大小的影响

李祥龙; 张志平; 王建国; 李强; 王子琛

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0471

双空孔间距对爆破槽腔断面大小的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0471

李祥龙^{1, 2,},
张志平¹,
王建国^{1, 2, ,},
李强¹,
王子琛³

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650093
2.
昆明理工大学云南省中-德蓝色矿山与特殊地下空间开发利用重点实验室，云南昆明 650093
3.
中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司，陕西西安 710077

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52274083）；云南省重大科技专项（202202AG050014）；云南省基础研究计划（202201AT070178）

详细信息

作者简介:
李祥龙（1981－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，lxl00014002@163.com

通讯作者:
王建国（1987－　），男，博士，副教授，wangjg0831@163.com

中图分类号: O389
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-11
- 修回日期: 2022-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-18

Influence of double empty hole spacing on section size of blasting chamber

LI Xianglong^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Zhiping¹,
WANG Jianguo^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Qiang¹,
WANG Zichen³

1.
Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
2.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sino-German Blue Mining and Utilization of Special Underground Space, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
3.
Xi’an Research Institute Co. Ltd., China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp., Xi’an, 710077 Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究空孔间距对巷道掘进掏槽爆破效果的影响，基于大红山铜矿某巷道建立有限元数值模型，计算双大直径空孔不同布孔间距条件下的掏槽爆破成腔断面积，并对最优方案开展现场验证。研究结果表明：空孔间距d_v=15 cm时，槽腔断面积为0.1641 m²；当d_v增加到d_v=25 cm时，槽腔断面积为0.2116 m²，断面积增大28.94%；当 d_v增加到35 cm时，槽腔断面面积为0.2436 m²，断面积增大15.1%；但当d_v增大到45 cm时，槽腔面积为0.1740 m²，断面积减小17.8%；当d_v增大到55 cm时，槽腔面积为0.0951 m²，断面积减小45.3%。对成腔断面积最大的空孔间距d_v=35 cm的布孔方案进行现场试验，2号现场试验测得槽腔断面宽度、高度及断面积分别比模拟结果小4.0%、3.4%和4.98%，多次试验与模拟结果误差均在5%以内，能够为地下巷道掏槽爆破成腔体积预测的数值方法构建提供数据参考。
- 掏槽爆破 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 空孔间距 /
- 空孔效应 /
- 槽腔断面
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of double empty hole spacing on the tunnel excavation blasting effect, the range of empty hole spacing is calculated according to the compensation space theory and the theoretical formula of hole deviation. A finite element numerical model of a roadway of Dahongshan Copper Mine is established based on the HJC constitutive model of concrete and multi-material ALE algorithm of LS-DYNA. By adding the *MAT_ADD_EROSION keyword, the damaged rock elements are observed, and the cross-section area of the cavity for cut blasting with large-diameter double empty holes of different spacing is calculated. The results show that when the hole spacing d_v is 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm, the cavity section area is 0.1641, 0.2116, 0.2436, 0.1740 and 0.0951 m², respectively. When the hole spacing increased by 10 cm each from 15 cm to 55 cm, the cavity section area increased by 18.94% and 15.1% and decreased by 17.8% and 45.3%, respectively. Thus, with the increase of empty hole spacing, the section area increases first and then decreases. When d_v = 35 cm, it reaches its maximum. This case was tested in the field. The width, height, and area of the cavity section measured by the No. 2 field test are 4.0%, 3.4%, and 4.98%, respectively, smaller than the simulation results. The error between multiple tests and simulation results is within 5%, indicating that the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which can provide data reference for the construction of a numerical method for predicting the cavity volume of underground tunnel cutting blasting.
- cutting blasting /
- numerical simulation /
- empty hole spacing /
- empty hole effect /
- groove cavity section

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图 1 装药孔与空孔的距离关系

Figure 1. Distance between charge hole and empty hole

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图 2 炮孔布置及二维模型网格划分图

Figure 2. Layout of blast holes and meshing of the two-dimensional model

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图 3 当d_v=15 cm时模型压力云图

Figure 3. Pressure contours of the model when d_v=15 cm

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图 4 当d_v=25 cm时模型压力云图

Figure 4. Pressure contours of the model when d_v=25 cm

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图 5 当d_v=35 cm时模型压力云图

Figure 5. Pressure contours of the model when d_v=35 cm

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图 6 当d_v=45 cm时模型压力云图

Figure 6. Pressure contours of the model when d_v=45 cm

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图 7 当d_v=55 cm时模型压力云图

Figure 7. Pressure contours of the model when d_v=55 cm

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图 8 P点处的应力时程曲线

Figure 8. Stress time history curve at point P

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图 9 d_v=15 cm时损伤破坏图

Figure 9. Damage failure diagram when d_v=15 cm

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图 10 d_v=25 cm时损伤破坏图

Figure 10. Damage failure diagram when d_v=25 cm

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图 11 d_v=35 cm时损伤破坏图

Figure 11. Damage failure diagram when d_v=35 cm

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图 12 d_v=45 cm时损伤破坏图

Figure 12. Damage failure diagram when d_v=45 cm

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图 13 d_v=55 cm时损伤破坏图

Figure 13. Damage failure diagram when d_v=55 cm

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图 14 炸后槽腔外断面

Figure 14. The external section of the explosion cavity after explosion

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图 15 现场掏槽爆破槽腔断面图

Figure 15. Cross-sectional view of the cavity of the on-site cutting blasting cavity

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图 16 现场断面与模拟结果对比

Figure 16. Comparison of the site section with the simulation results

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表 1 大红山大理岩HJC本构模型参数

Table 1. Dahongshan marble HJC constitutive model parameters

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	ƒ_c/MPa	A	B	C	S_max	G	T	D₁	D₂
2941	70.59	0.52	1.17	0.0163	4	22.27	7.68	0.036	1

p_crush/MPa	µ_crush	p_lock/GPa	µ_plock	K₁	K₂	K₃	E_Fmin	N	F_S
23.65	0.00076	0.159	0.012	13	23	60	0.01	0.79	0.085
注：ρ₀为岩石密度，ƒ_c为静态单轴抗压强度，T为岩石最大拉应力，A为无量纲粘性强度系数，B为无量纲压力硬化系数，C为应变率系数，N为压力硬化指数，S_max为最大无量纲的等效应力，D₁、D₂为损伤常数，E_Fmin为岩石最小塑性应变，µ_crush为等效塑性应变增量，µ_plock塑性体积应变增量，K₁、K₂和K₃分为压力常数，p_lock为压实后的静水压力，p_crush为弹性极限时静水压力值，G为剪切模量，F_S失效参数。

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表 2 炸药的状态方程参数

Table 2. HJC constitutive model parameters of explosive

ρ₁/（g·cm⁻³）	D₀/（m·s⁻¹）	A₁/GPa	B₁/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
1.3	4500	214.4	0.182	4.2	0.9	0.15
注：D₀为炸药爆速。

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表 3 现场试验结果

Table 3. Field test results

试验	高度/cm	宽度/cm	面积/m²	模拟面积误差/%
1	46.6	63.9	0.2491	2.26
2	42.5	64.7	0.2315	-4.98
3	42.1	66.3	0.2392	−1.8
4	51.5	62.7	0.2554	4.84

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