基于空气流场压力分析的头盔冲击波防护效能研究

张文超; 王舒; 梁增友; 覃彬; 卢海涛; 陈新元; 卢文杰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0411

基于空气流场压力分析的头盔冲击波防护效能研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0411

张文超^{1, 2,},
王舒²,
梁增友^1, ,,
覃彬²,
卢海涛²,
陈新元³,
卢文杰⁴

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
2.
中国兵器工业第208研究所瞬态冲击技术重点实验室，北京 102202
3.
中国人民解放军93320部队，黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161000
4.
河南北方红阳机电有限公司，河南南阳 473000

基金项目: 瞬态冲击技术重点实验室基金（6142606181101）

详细信息

作者简介:
张文超（1995－　），男，博士研究生，741363354@qq.com

通讯作者:
梁增友（1969－　），男，教授，博士生导师，liangzy@ nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 640
- HTML全文浏览量: 201
- PDF下载量: 103
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-28
- 修回日期: 2022-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-18

A study of blast wave protection efficiency of helmet based on air flow field pressure analysis

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory, No.208 Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China
3.
Unit 93320 of PLA, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang, China
4.
Henan North Hongyang Electromechanical Co. Ltd., Nanyang 473000, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 研究典型战斗头盔对爆炸冲击波致颅脑冲击伤的防护效能。首先开展了50 g TNT距有无头盔防护下头部模型1 m处爆炸的抗爆试验，采集了有无防护下头部前额、颅顶、颅后冲击波超压并进行了对比分析；建立了具有典型颅脑结构的头部有限元模型并进行爆炸冲击波加载，对试验工况进行了仿真再现，通过试验结果验证了仿真模型有效性；同时利用数值仿真对不同工况下冲击波流场压力变化规律进行分析；进一步利用数值仿真研究了泡沫衬垫对头盔防护能力的影响。研究结果表明，典型战斗头盔可使前额空气超压衰减为无防护时的54.5%，但是会使颅后空气超压增强为无防护时的2.19倍，对颅后冲击波防护产生负面效果；头盔悬挂中泡沫衬垫能消弱头盔对颅后防护的负面效果，提高头盔对冲击波的防护能力。
- 爆炸冲击波 /
- 战斗头盔 /
- 空气流场压力 /
- 防护效能 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: To study the protective effect of a typical combat helmet against traumatic brain injury induced by blast wave, an anti-explosion test was first carried out, in which 50 g TNT was used to produce blast wave acting on a head model with or without helmet protection located at 1m away from explosion position. Pressure sensors were installed on the forehead, cranial, parietal and postcranial of the head model, while the front end of each sensor was in touch with the surface of the head model. Secondly, based on the 3rd Military Medical University’s visualization body slice data set (CVH), a finite element model with the typical head structure was established. The head of the finite element model contained skin, skull, cranial, cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue, dura mater and pia mater. All the membrane structures are meshed into quadrilateral shell elements, while the remaining parts are all meshed into cubic solid elements. The finite element model of the head is then loaded by the blast wave, and the experimental conditions are simulated by the display dynamic analysis software of LS-DYNA. The validity of the simulation model is verified by the test results. Next, the pressure variation of the blast wave flow field under different working conditions is analyzed by numerical simulation, meanwhile the effect of foam liner on helmet protection capability is studied. The results show that the typical combat helmet can attenuate the frontal air overpressure to 54.5% of that without helmet protection, but it would enhance the air overpressure on the posterior cranial to 2.19 times that without protection, which harms the protection of posterior cranial. The foam padding in helmet suspension can reduce the negative effect of the helmet on cranial posterior protection and improve the protective ability of the helmet against the blast wave. The results also show that the auricle structure amplifies the overpressure of the blast wave to 1.7 times the free field in the same position under the frontal blast wave, which is an important target organ of blast wave action.
- blast wave /
- combat helmet /
- air flow field pressure /
- protection /
- numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1 试验场地布置

Figure 1. Layout of test device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 头部替代模型

Figure 2. The dummy head models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 实验获得的压力-时间曲线

Figure 3. Experimental time histories of pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 峰值超压对比

Figure 4. Peak pressure contrast

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 头部有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model of head

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 典型战斗头盔实物图

Figure 6. Actual picture of typical combat helmet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 头盔、泡沫衬垫数值模型

Figure 7. Simulation model of helmet and foam pad

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 硬泡沫应力-应变曲线

Figure 8. Hard foam stress-strain curve

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 头部冲击波载荷

Figure 9. Acting blast wave loads on the head

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 仿真与试验超压曲线对比

Figure 10. Comparison of simulation and experimental results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 头部周围采样点位置示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of sampling points around the head

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 采样点超压曲线

Figure 12. Pressure curves of sampling points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 爆炸冲击波压力云图

Figure 13. Pressure nephogram of blast wave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 头部周围采样点位置示意图

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of sampling points around the head

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 采样点超压曲线

Figure 15. Pressure curves of sampling points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 爆炸冲击波压力云图

Figure 16. Pressure nephogram of blast wave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 头部周围采样点位置示意图

Figure 17. Schematic diagram of sampling points around the head

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 特征部位采样点超压曲线

Figure 18. Pressure curves of sampling points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 爆炸冲击波压力云图

Figure 19. Pressure nephogram of blast wave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 压力观测点

Figure 20. Pressure observation points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 额叶观测点压力变化

Figure 21. Pressure curves of frontal lobe observation points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 22 顶叶观测点压力变化

Figure 22. Pressure curves of parietal lobe observation points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 23 枕叶观测点压力变化

Figure 23. Pressure curves of occipital lobe observation points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 弹性模型材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of elastic model

结构	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/MPa	μ
皮肤	1200	16.7	0.42
面颅	1710	5370	0.19
密质骨	2000	15000	0.22
松质骨	1300	1000	0.24
硬脑膜	1130	31.5	0.45
软脑膜	1130	11.5	0.45
注：ρ为密度，E为弹性模量，μ为泊松比.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 黏弹性模型材料参数^[13-14]

Table 2. Material parameters of viscoelastic model

结构	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G₀/kPa	G_∞/kPa	β/(s⁻¹)	K/MPa
脑组织	1040	1.66	0.928	16.95	557
注：K为体积模量.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 弹性流体模型材料参数^[15]

Table 3. Material parameters of elastofluid model

结构	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	K/MPa
脑脊液	999.8	1960

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 头盔盔壳模型材料参数^[5,13]

Table 4. Material parameters of helmet model

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E₁₁/GPa	E₂₂/GPa	E₃₃/GPa	ν₁₂	ν₁₃	ν₃₂
1230	18.5	18.5	6	0.25	0.33	0.33

G₁₂/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	S₁₁/MPa	S₂₂/GPa	S_c/GPa	S_n/GPa
0.77	2.50	2.50	0.558	0.555	0.555	1.086

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 观测点超压峰值及误差

Table 5. Overpressure peak and error at observation points

模型	方法	p_front/kPa	η_front/%	p_top/kPa	η_top/%	p_back/kPa	η_back/%
裸头	试验	277	19.4	95	4.2	52	5.7
裸头	数值模拟	223	19.4	91	4.2	55	5.7
盔壳	试验	151	1.3	64	1.5	114	1.7
盔壳	数值模拟	149	1.3	65	1.5	116	1.7
注：p_front、p_top和p_back分别为为前额、颅顶和颅后的超压峰值，η_front、η_top和η_back分别为对应的误差。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	宁亚蕾, 周元国. 原发性颅脑冲击伤致伤机制及病理学特点 [J]. 中华创伤杂志, 2014, 30(3): 280–283. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-8050.2014.03.024.
[2]	李创忠, 王运杰. 爆炸冲击波性脑损伤的研究进展 [J]. 临床军医杂志, 2010, 38(2): 311–315. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3826.2010.02.061.
[3]	BHATTACHARJEE Y. Shell shock revisited: solving the puzzle of blast trauma [J]. Science, 2008, 319(5862): 406–408. DOI: 10.1126/science.319.5862.406.
[4]	李振鲁. 防暴头盔防护性能的研究现状 [J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2013(23): 150–151. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2013.23.160.
[5]	ZHANG L Y, MAKWANA R, SHARMA S. Brain response to primary blast wave using validated finite element models of human head and advanced combat helmet [J]. Frontiers in Neurology, 2013, 4: 88. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00088.
[6]	NYEIN M K, JASON A M, YU L, et al. In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(48): 20703–20708. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014786107.
[7]	SARVGHAD-MOGHADDAM H, REZAEI A, ZIEJEWSKI M, et al. CFD modeling of the underwash effect of military helmets as a possible mechanism for blast-induced traumatic brain injury [J]. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 20(1): 16–26. DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1193597.
[8]	TAN L B, CHEW F S, TSE K M, et al. Impact of complex blast waves on the human head: a computational study [J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 2014, 30(12): 1476–1505. DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2668.
[9]	LI J T, MA T, HUANG C, et al. Protective mechanism of helmet under far-field shock wave [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2020, 143: 103617. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103617.
[10]	康越, 张仕忠, 张远平, 等. 基于激波管评价的单兵头面部装备冲击波防护性能研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(8): 085901. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0395. KANG Y, ZHANG S Z, ZHANG Y P, et al. Research on anti-shockwave performance of the protective equipment for the head of a soldier based on shock tube evaluation [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(8): 085901. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0395.
[11]	中国人民解放军陆军军医大学. 中国数字化可视人体数据库[DB/OL]. [2021-9-28]. http://cvh.bmicc.cn/cvh/cn/index.php.
[12]	徐斌, 王成, 臧立伟, 等. 爆炸冲击波与防弹衣相互作用的数值模拟 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(2): 131–134. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.02.004. XU B, WANG C, ZANG L W, et al. Numerical simulation on the impact of explosion shock wave on bullet-proof vest [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(2): 131–134. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.02.004.
[13]	蔡志华, 包正, 王威, 等. 枪弹冲击防弹头盔致头部非贯穿性损伤的数值模拟研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(6): 1097–1105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.06.008. CAI Z H, BAO Z, WANG W, et al. Simulation of non-penetrating damage of head due to bullet impact to helmet [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(6): 1097–1105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.06.008.
[14]	HORGAN T J, GILCHRIST M D. The creation of three-dimensional finite element models for simulating head impact biomechanics [J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2003, 8(4): 353–366. DOI: 10.1533/ijcr.2003.0243.
[15]	GRUJICIC M, ARAKERE G, HE T. Material‐modeling and structural‐mechanics aspects of the traumatic brain injury problem [J]. Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, 2010, 6(3): 335–363. DOI: 10.1108/15736101011080097.
[16]	栗志杰, 由小川, 柳占立, 等. 爆炸冲击波作用下颅脑损伤机理的数值模拟研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(1): 015901. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0348. LI Z J, YOU X C, LIU Z L, et al. Numerical simulation of the mechanism of traumatic brain injury induced by blast shock waves [J]. Explosion and Shock, 2020, 40(1): 015901. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0348.
[17]	GANPULE S, ALAI A, PLOUGONVEN E, et al. Mechanics of blast loading on the head models in the study of traumatic brain injury using experimental and computational approaches [J]. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 2013, 12(3): 511–531. DOI: 10.1007/s10237-012-0421-8.
[18]	CHAFI M S, GANPULE S, GU L X, et al. Dynamic response of brain subjected to blast loadings: influence of frequency ranges [J]. International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2011, 3(4): 803–823. DOI: 10.1142/S175882511100124X.
[19]	MOORE D F, JÉRUSALEM A, NYEIN M, et al. Computational biology-modeling of primary blast effects on the central nervous system [J]. NeuroImage, 2009, 47(2): T10-T20. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.019.
[20]	WANG C Z, PAHK J B, BALABAN C D, et al. Biomechanical assessment of the bridging vein rupture of blast-induced traumatic brain injury using the finite element human head model [C]//Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Houston: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012: 795–805. DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2012-88739.
[21]	侯俊亮, 蒋建伟, 门建兵, 等. 不同形状装药爆炸冲击波场及对靶板作用效应的数值模拟 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2013, 33(6): 556–561. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2013.06.002. HOU J L, JIANG J W, MEN J B, et al. Numerical simulation on blast wave field and deformation of thin plate under different-shape charge loading [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2013, 33(6): 556–561. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2013.06.002.
[22]	张文超, 王舒, 梁增友, 等. 爆炸冲击波致颅脑冲击伤数值模拟研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2022. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2021.191. ZHANG W C, WANG S, LIANG Z Y, et al. Numerical simulation on traumatic brain injury induced by blast waves [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2022. DOI: 10.15918/ j.bit1001-0645.2021.191.
[23]	WARD C, CHAN M, NAHUM A. Intracranial pressure-a brain injury criterion [C]// 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference, 1980: 3867-3880. DOI: 10.4271/801304.
[24]	STÅLHAMMAR D. Experimental brain damage from fluid pressures due to impact acceleration. 1. Design of experimental procedure [J]. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 1975, 52(1): 7–26. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1975.tb02824.x.
[25]	LEE H P, GONG S W. Finite element analysis for the evaluation of protective functions of helmets against ballistic impact [J]. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2010, 13(5): 537–550. DOI: 10.1080/10255840903337848.