A review of equivalent loading test techniques for simulating explosion load

With the increase in global terrorism and industrial accidents, research on the safety of infrastructure under explosion impacts has become particularly urgent. As a key means to explore the dynamic response and damage characteristics of materials and structures under explosive shock, the safe, efficient, and accurate simulation of explosion impact loading technologies has become a research hotspot and challenge in this field. The review summarizes the equivalent loading test techniques for simulating explosion loads, including dynamite-driven shock tubes, high-pressure gas-driven shock tubes, drop hammer impact testing machines, and hydraulic driving simulators. Each of these techniques has advantages and limitations in simulating the blast wave, but all aim to provide a controllable and safe experimental environment to reproduce the high-speed air flow and shock wave generated by explosions. Through comparative analysis, the performance of various technologies in terms of accuracy, applicability and operational convenience in simulating explosive loads is revealed. Finally, a new type of simulated explosion loading test technology based on liquid-gas phase transition expansion is introduced, and the follow-up research directions are prospected.