Impact Damage Analysis and Life Evaluation of All-terrain Vehicle Airdrop

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are widely used in border patrol, disaster relief transportation, forest fire protection and other fields due to their excellent environmental adaptability and off-road capabilities. Major emergencies often lead to a significant decline in regional accessibility, putting forward clear requirements for the repeated airdrop operation capability of ATVs. However, the airdrop landing process exerts intense impact on the vehicle, and repeated airdrops are more likely to cause cumulative damage to the vehicle, thereby affecting its operational reliability. To address this issue, this paper establishes a numerical simulation model for the airdrop system of a certain type of ATV. First, the low-cycle fatigue analysis method is adopted to evaluate the airdrop lifespan, and then combined with the J-C damage model, the evolution law of airdrop impact damage and life characteristics of the vehicle under multiple landing scenarios are systematically studied. The results show that the initial maximum damage of the ATV is concentrated on the chassis crossbeams; as the number of airdrops increases, the location of maximum damage shifts to structures such as upright columns. Under ideal airdrop conditions, the airdrop life of the vehicle is 10 times, and the life decreases with the increase of landing speed, among which the impact of oblique landing speed is the most significant. When the longitudinal, oblique, transverse and vertical landing speeds reach 1m/s, 1.5m/s, 3m/s and15 m/s respectively, airdrop operations are not recommended. The relevant research results provide important technical support for ensuring the repeated airdrop operation capability of ATVs under multiple landing scenarios.