Methods for determining the coupling coefficient and stemming coefficient of underground explosions

Coupling coefficients and stemming coefficients are widely used in predicting the magnitude of ground shock from underground explosions and assessing the extent of damage zones. As burial depth increases, the coupling mechanism of explosion-induced ground shock changes, leading to distinct evolution patterns in different coupling coefficients. This paper provides a review of research progress on coupling coefficients and stemming coefficients for ground shock generated by underground explosions. The types and conversion relationships of coupling coefficients are introduced. The variation patterns of different coupling coefficients with burial depth in different media are analyzed based on experimental data. Methods for calculating coupling coefficients and determining critical burial depth are discussed. Equivalent yield coefficients and stemming coefficients in different media are compared. Finally, unresolved issues in current research are identified, and potential future research directions are suggested.