爆炸冲击波和破片群复合作用下泡沫铝/纤维夹芯结构的毁伤特性

周楠; 唐奎; 孙佳慧; 王金相; 刘大斌; 方雨

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0128

爆炸冲击波和破片群复合作用下泡沫铝/纤维夹芯结构的毁伤特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0128

周楠^{1, 2, 3,},
唐奎⁴,
孙佳慧⁵,
王金相⁴,
刘大斌¹,
方雨³

1.
南京理工大学化工学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
南京警察学院刑事科学技术学院，江苏南京 210023
3.
安徽弘雷金属复合材料科技有限公司，安徽宣城 242000
4.
南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210094
5.
呼伦贝尔市公安局，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11602113、12102202)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(LGZD202301)；江苏省“333高层次人才培养工程”；江苏省“十四五”重点学科（公安技术）资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
周　楠（1986－　），男，博士，副教授，nudge@163.com

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-08
- 修回日期: 2024-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-06

Damage characteristics of foamed aluminum/fiber sandwich structure under the combined loading of near-field blast shock wave and fragments

ZHOU Nan^{1, 2, 3
,},
TANG Kui⁴,
SUN Jiahui⁵,
WANG Jinxiang⁴,
LIU Dabin¹,
FANG Yu³

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Police University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
3.
Anhui Honlly Clad Metal Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Xuancheng 242000, Anhui, China
4.
Science and Technology on Transient Physics Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
5.
Hulunbuir Public Security Bureau, Hulunbuir, 021000, Inner Mongolia, China

摘要

摘要: 在简易自制爆炸装置的近场爆炸中，防护结构常受到爆炸冲击波和破片的复合作用，为了提高结构的防护性能，设计并制备了含“泡沫铝/纤维”夹芯复合结构材料，通过开展“爆炸+侵彻”实验，研究复合结构在爆炸冲击波和高速破片复合作用下的失效模式，重点讨论爆炸冲击波和破片两种载荷时序性对毁伤特性的影响，并分析不同材料的吸能机理。研究结果表明：爆距的变化直接影响爆炸冲击波和破片作用的时序性，在本文讨论的工况中，当爆距大于600 mm时，破片先于冲击波作用。在冲击波和破片的复合作用下，铝面板除了破片的贯穿破坏外，还伴有局部凹陷变形；泡沫铝自身胞孔结构在冲击载荷作用下发生压溃变形和胞壁屈服碎裂；弹孔处纤维则在破片的侵彻下发生拉伸变形和断裂，并伴有高温失效；铝背板主要以瓣裂撕裂破坏为主。在两种时序性作用下，弹孔的存在削弱了冲击波对铝面板的作用，后序夹芯结构材料和铝背板的变形破坏程度较前序材料更为严重。本研究的开展对轻质复合结构材料在有限空间近爆防护领域中的应用和功能设计提供了技术依据。
- 夹芯结构 /
- 泡沫铝 /
- UHMWPE纤维 /
- 时序性 /
- 毁伤特性
Abstract: In the near-field explosion of improvised explosive device, the protective structure is often subjected to the combined action of blast wave and fragments. To improve the protection performance of the structure, a composite structural material containing foamed aluminum/fiber sandwich was designed and prepared. The explosion and penetration experiment was carried out to study the failure mode of the composite structure under the combined action of explosion shock wave and high-speed fragments. In the experiment, the time for the explosive shock wave to reach the surface of the composite plate and the pressure attenuation before and after passing through the material were tested by installing PVDF pressure gauges on the upper and lower surfaces of the composite plate. Meanwhile, the time for the shock wave to reach the surface of the composite plate was measured by piezoelectric probes for the purpose of verification. The time for fragments to reach the surface of the composite plate was tested using a comb-shaped target, and the velocity attenuation of fragments after penetrating the target plate was obtained. The influence of the two loading’s timing sequence of explosion shock wave and fragment on the failure mode was discussed, and the energy absorption mechanism of different materials was analyzed. The results show that the change of detonation distance directly affects the timing sequence of the action of explosion shock wave and fragment. In the conditions discussed in this paper, when the detonation distance is greater than 600 mm, the fragment acts before the shock wave. Under the combined action of shock wave and fragment, the aluminum plate is accompanied by local sag deformation in addition to the penetration failure of fragments. The cellular structure of foamed aluminum was crushed and deformed under the impact load. The fibers at the bullet hole are stretched and fractured under the penetration of fragments, and are accompanied by high temperature failure. Under the two sequential effects, the existence of bullet holes weakens the effect of shock wave on the front aluminum plate, and the deformation and damage degree of the later sandwich structural material and the rear aluminum plate are more serious than that of the previous material. This research provides a technical basis for the application and functional design of lightweight composite structural materials in the field of near-burst protection in limited space.
- sandwich structure /
- foamed aluminum /
- UHMWPE fiber /
- time sequence /
- damage characteristic

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图 1 实验现场装置

Figure 1. Experimental equipment setting

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图 2 典型实验测试信号

Figure 2. Typical experimental data

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图 3 有限元计算模型

Figure 3. Finite element model

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图 4 冲击波和破片典型飞散状态

Figure 4. Typical flying state of shock wave and fragments

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图 5 冲击波和破片时序性结果比较

Figure 5. Comparison of the time sequence of shock wave and fragment

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图 6 冲击波和破片在不同爆距复合作用下铝面板失效模式

Figure 6. Failure modes of front aluminum plate under the combined action of shock wave and fragment at different explosion distances

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图 7 不同爆距下泡沫铝典型失效模式

Figure 7. Typical failure modes of foamed aluminum at different detonation distances

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图 8 不同爆距下UHMWPE纤维典型失效模式

Figure 8. Typical failure modes of UHMWPE fiber at different detonation distances

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图 9 泡沫铝和纤维微观失效模式

Figure 9. Microscopic failure modes of foamed aluminum and fiber

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图 10 不同材料上弹孔数量及其最大尺寸

Figure 10. Number and maximum size of bullet holes on different materials

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表 1 不同复合板夹芯组合方式和爆距设置

Table 1. Different combinations of target core and detonation distance setting

靶板编号	夹芯材料			面密度/(g∙cm⁻²)	爆距R/mm
靶板编号	上层（厚1 cm）	中层（厚1 cm）	下层（12层）	面密度/(g∙cm⁻²)	爆距R/mm
1	泡沫铝	泡沫铝	SM-17纤维	1.4	200
2	泡沫铝	泡沫铝	SM-17纤维	1.4	400
3	泡沫铝	泡沫铝	SM-17纤维	1.4	600
4	泡沫铝	泡沫铝	SM-17纤维	1.4	800

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表 2 时序性计算参数

Table 2. Parameters of timing calculation

$ \sqrt {2E} /({\mathrm{m}}\cdot{\mathrm{s}}^{-1})$ ^[22]	C /g	M /g	$ \alpha $	m_be /g
2438	123	26.91	0.82	91.99

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表 3 冲击波和破片时序性理论计算结果

Table 3. Theoretical results of the time sequence of shock wave and fragment

爆距 R/mm	重叠位置比例爆距^[23] R_s/(m∙kg^−1/3)	破片初速 v₀/(m∙s⁻¹)	破片到达靶板时间 t_f /ms（式(2)）	破片到达靶板时间 t_f /ms（式(5)）	冲击波到达靶板时间 t_s /ms	时序性
200	0.15	1643.96	0.123	0.122	0.049	冲击波先到达
400			0.246	0.243	0.165	冲击波先到达
600			0.370	0.365	0.337	冲击波先到达
800			0.497	0.486	0.559	破片先到达

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表 4 冲击波和破片时序性实验结果

Table 4. Experimental results of the time sequence of shock wave and fragment

爆距 R/mm	破片到达靶板时间t_f/ms	冲击波到达靶板时间t_s/ms	时序性
200	0.117	0.105	冲击波先到达
400	0.218	0.196	冲击波先到达
600	0.289	0.305	破片先到达
800	0.381	−	−
注：“-”表示未测试到信号。

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表 5 TNT炸药JWL计算参数

Table 5. JWL parameters of TNT

密度ρ/ kg∙m⁻³	爆速v_D/ （m∙s⁻¹）	爆压p_CJ/ GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
1566	6800	21	374	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35

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表 6 冲击波和破片时序性数值仿真结果

Table 6. Numerical results of the time sequence of shock wave and fragment

爆距R /mm	破片到达靶板时间t_f /ms	冲击波到达靶板时间t_s /ms	时序性
200	0.104	0.04	冲击波先到达
400	0.202	0.199	冲击波先到达
600	0.298	0.304	破片先到达
800	0.4	0.412	破片先到达

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表 7 不同爆距下复合结构典型失效模式

Table 7. Typical failure modes of composite structure at different detonation distances

爆距R/mm	铝面板	上层泡沫铝板	下层泡沫铝板	纤维层	铝背板
200
400
600
800

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