一种PETN基超薄片炸药的爆轰性能及比冲量特性

郭志昀; 卢强; 丁洋; 张亮永; 李进

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0132

一种PETN基超薄片炸药的爆轰性能及比冲量特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0132

西北核技术研究所，陕西西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12072290）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭志昀（1985－　），男，硕士，助理研究员，guozhiyun@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
卢　强（1984－　），男，博士，副研究员，luqiang@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: O381
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-13
- 修回日期: 2024-09-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-11

Detonation performance and specific impulse characteristics of a PETN-based ultra-thin sheet explosive

Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 薄片炸药加载技术是实验室考核X射线辐照下空间结构动态响应的重要手段。为实现新型空间飞行器结构考核所需的超低比冲量化爆加载载荷，研制了以PETN为主炸药、高聚物橡胶为黏结剂的超薄片炸药。薄片炸药中PETN的质量分数为90%～92%，厚度范围为0.15～0.50 mm，密度范围为1.63～1.68 g/cm³，爆速范围为7.44～7.71 km/s。基于炸痕法的爆轰性能实验结果表明：厚度为0.15～0.50 mm的薄片炸药可由装药线密度为0.2 g/m的柔爆索可靠引爆，厚度为0.20～0.50 mm的炸药条均能可靠传爆。利用冲击摆测量装置对不同直径、不同厚度薄片炸药的比冲量特性进行了测试，结合理论分析，得出薄片炸药的比冲量与厚度成正比，比例系数为3 418.56 Pa·s/mm，成功实现了厚度为0.20 mm、比冲量约为680 Pa·s超薄片炸药的研制。
- 超薄片炸药 /
- PETN /
- 柔爆索 /
- 爆轰性能 /
- 比冲量
Abstract: The sheet explosive loading technology is a crucial method for evaluating the dynamic response of the space structure under the X-ray radiation in laboratory. To achieve the ultra-low specific impulse explosive loading required for the structural assessment of new space vehicles, a sheet explosive has been developed, primarily composed of PETN as the main explosive and polymer rubber as the binder. The mass fraction of PETN is 90%–92%, the thickness range is 0.15–0.20 mm, the density range is 1.63–1.68 g/cm³, and the explosive velocity range is 7.44–7.71 km/s. To verify the high-impact initiation sensitivity of the sheet explosive, three rounds of verification experiments were designed based on the blast marketing method. In the experiment, the sheet explosive was directly applied to the effect plate or a certain air gap reserved between the sheet explosive and the effect plate. The detonation of the explosive was confirmed by examining the explosive marks left on the effect plate post-explosion. The experimental results show that the sheet explosive with a thickness of 0.15–0.50 mm can be reliably detonated by a mild detonating fuse with a charge line density of 0.2 g/m, and the explosive strips with a thickness of 0.20–0.50 mm can reliably transmit detonation. The specific impulse characteristics of the sheet explosives with different diameters and thicknesses were measured and studied by the impact pendulum measurement device. Combined with theoretical analysis, the specific impulse calculation model of the sheet explosive was used to perform polynomial fitting on the specific impulse direct measurement data of the sheet explosives with the thicknesses of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 mm, respectively. The specific impulse values of sheet explosives with four thicknesses were linearly fitted. The results show that the specific impulse of the sheet explosive is proportional to the thickness and the ratio coefficient is 3 418.56 Pa·s/mm. The development of ultra-thin sheet explosive with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a specific impulse of about 680 Pa·s was successfully realized.
- ultra-thin sheet explosive /
- PETN /
- mild detonating fuse /
- detonation performance /
- specific impulse

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图 1 薄片炸药

Figure 1. Sheet explosives

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图 2 薄片炸药起爆性能第1次实验

Figure 2. The first experiment on the initiation performance of sheet explosive

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图 3 薄片炸药起爆性能第2次实验

Figure 3. The second experiment on the initiation performance of sheet explosive

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图 4 薄片炸药起爆性能第3次实验

Figure 4. The third experiment on the initiation performance of sheet explosive

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图 5 薄片炸药传爆性能第1次实验

Figure 5. The first experiment on the detonation propagation performance of sheet explosive

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图 6 薄片炸药传爆性能第2次实验

Figure 6. The second experiment on the detonation propagation performance of sheet explosive

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图 7 薄片炸药冲量测量装置^[22]

Figure 7. Impulse measurement apparatus for sheet explosive^[22]

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图 8 柔爆索、连接基座及薄片炸药装配示意图^[22]

Figure 8. Assembly diagram of mild detonating fuse, connecting base and sheet explosive^[22]

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图 9 薄片炸药比冲量拟合结果

Figure 9. Fitting results of specific impulse of sheet explosive

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图 10 薄片炸药比冲量随厚度的变化关系

Figure 10. Relationship between the specific impulse and thickness of the sheet explosive

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表 1 超薄片炸药密度测量数据

Table 1. Measurement data of sheet explosive density

PETN质量分数/%	炸药厚度/ mm	超薄片炸药密度/(g·cm⁻³)
PETN质量分数/%	炸药厚度/ mm	测量值1	测量值2	测量值3	平均值
90	0.20	1.67	1.65	1.66	1.66
	0.30	1.65	1.64	1.64	1.64
	0.40	1.63	1.64	1.63	1.63
92	0.20	1.68	1.69	1.67	1.68
	0.30	1.66	1.66	1.65	1.66
	0.40	1.64	1.64	1.63	1.64

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表 2 超薄片炸药爆速测量数据

Table 2. Measurement data of detonation velocity of sheet explosive

PETN质量分数/%	炸药厚度/ mm	爆速/(km·s⁻¹)
PETN质量分数/%	炸药厚度/ mm	测量值1	测量值2	测量值3	平均值
90	0.20	7.63	7.61	7.65	7.63
	0.30	7.55	7.53	7.54	7.54
	0.40	7.41	7.43	7.47	7.44
92	0.20	7.69	7.68	7.75	7.71
	0.30	7.65	7.63	7.68	7.65
	0.40	7.53	7.52	7.54	7.53

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表 3 薄片炸药比冲量直接测量数据

Table 3. Measurement data of the direct specific impulse of sheet explosive

实验	炸药厚度/mm	炸药直径/mm	比冲量/(Pa·s)
实验	炸药厚度/mm	炸药直径/mm	测试值	平均值
1	0.20	8	923.4	917.4
2	0.20	8	911.3	917.4
3	0.20	10	762.0	762.0
4	0.20	10	762.0	762.0
5	0.20	15	642.2	639.6
6	0.20	15	637.0	639.6
7	0.30	8	1 279.9	1 285.9
8	0.30	8	1 291.8	1 285.9
9	0.30	10	1 138.6	1 134.3
10	0.30	10	1 129.9	1 134.3
11	0.30	15	1 024.6	1 008.7
12	0.30	15	992.8	1 008.7
13	0.36	10	1 434.2	1 434.2
14	0.36	15	1 280.3	1 280.3
15	0.40	8	1 639.3	1 652.3
16	0.40	8	1 665.2	1 652.3
17	0.40	10	1 527.9	1 527.9
18	0.40	10	1 527.9	1 527.9
19	0.40	15	1 425.5	1 419.3
20	0.40	15	1 413.1	1 419.3
21	0.50	8	2 027.7	2 027.7
22	0.50	8	2 027.7	2 027.7
23	0.50	10	1 937.5	1 910.5
24	0.50	10	1 883.4	1 910.5
25	0.50	15	1 788.9	1 792.0
26	0.50	15	1 795.0	1 792.0

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表 4 比冲量测试数据与数值模拟结果的对比

Table 4. Comparison between the test data and numerical simulation results of specific impulse

炸药厚度/mm	比冲量/(Pa·s)		相对偏差/%
炸药厚度/mm	测试值	模拟值	相对偏差/%
0.20	685.1	700.2	2.2
0.30	1 019.4	1 059.6	3.8
0.50	1 684.5	1 770.4	4.9

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