颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为研究进展

张鸿宇; 迟润强; 孙淼; 曹武雄; 胡迪奇; 庞宝君; 张熇; 顾征

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0153

颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0153

1.
哈尔滨工业大学空间碎片高速撞击研究中心，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
2.
北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12141202）

详细信息

作者简介:
张鸿宇（1995－　），男，博士研究生，zhanghyms@hit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
迟润强（1979－　），男，博士，副教授，chirq@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 301
- HTML全文浏览量: 83
- PDF下载量: 49
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-23
- 修回日期: 2025-02-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-02-17

Research progress on impact ejecting behavior of granular targets

1.
Hypervelocity Impact Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 撞击溅射是撞击过程的重要组成部分，在深空探测领域中的小行星附着固锚、撞击采样、动能撞击偏转、星球表面溅射沉积物分布等工程应用及科学分析中发挥着重要作用。小行星表面多覆盖有砾石堆状风化层，研究人员通常利用颗粒状靶体进行模拟并开展实验研究。本文综述了颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为的研究进展，介绍了颗粒靶体撞击溅射形成的过程及溅射幕的描述方法；剖析了基于量纲分析的撞击溅射相似律及其适用范围和局限性；总结了靶体材料参数、撞击参数、靶体表面形貌和弹丸形状结构等对撞击溅射行为的影响；最后提出了颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为研究存在的问题及待开展的研究。
- 撞击溅射 /
- 溅射幕 /
- 相似律 /
- 小行星采样
Abstract: Impact ejecting is a critical part of the impact process and plays a pivotal role in engineering applications and scientific analyses in deep space exploration. Its importance extends to space missions such as asteroid surface anchoring for mission stability, impact sampling for scientific analysis of extraterrestrial materials, kinetic impact deflection for planetary defense strategies, and the detailed analysis of ejecta deposition patterns on planetary surfaces to understand surface evolution and regolith dynamics. With small asteroids whose surfaces are commonly covered with regolith, granular targets are employed in laboratory settings to simulate the impact ejecting process. This paper presents a review of the research progress concerning the behavior of impact ejecting on granular targets. The formation process of impact ejecting and methods for describing ejecta curtains are evaluated. An analysis of the dimensional similarity laws governing impact ejecta, along with their applicability and limitations, is conducted. Additionally, the influence of factors, such as target material parameters, impact conditions, target surface morphology, and impactor shape and structure, on impact ejecting behavior is summarized. Finally, existing research challenges are objectively identified, and potential directions for further scientific research about the behavior of impact ejecta on granular targets are proposed.
- impact-induced ejecta /
- ejecta curtain /
- scaling law /
- asteroid sampling

HTML全文

图 1 撞击溅射与遥感探测相结合的航天任务

Figure 1. Space missions combining impact ejecting and remote sensing detection

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图 2 利用溅射进行星壤采样的航天任务

Figure 2. Space missions using ejecta for sampling

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图 3 DART任务撞击区域及撞击后溅射幕示意图^[53]

Figure 3. DART mission impact area and the impact-induced ejecta^[53]

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图 4 接触压缩阶段压缩波与稀疏波的传播示意图^[17]

Figure 4. Propagation of compression and rarefaction waves during contact compression^[17]

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图 5 开坑阶段靶体中的熔化气化区域、流场流线以及瞬态空腔^[17]

Figure 5. Melting/vaporization zone, flow streamlines, and transient cavity in the target during the cratering stage^[17]

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图 6 对称溅射幕描述参数^[72]

Figure 6. Variables of symmetry ejecta curtain^[72]

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图 7 非对称和射线形溅射幕参数的定义^[77]

Figure 7. Deﬁnition of asymmetric and ray-shaped ejecta curtain variables^[77]

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图 8 撞击溅射过程参数定义^[78]

Figure 8. Deﬁnition of impact ejecting variables^[78]

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图 9 撞击溅射等效相似律适用范围^[78]

Figure 9. Valid range of ejecta scaling law^[78]

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图 10 不同靶体孔隙率下撞击产生的溅射角

Figure 10. Ejecta angles for different target porosities

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图 11 冲击压缩区域宽度与颗粒粒径的相对大小^[107]

Figure 11. Relationship between the width of the shock and grain size of the granular^[107]

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图 12 斜撞击中参数的定义

Figure 12. Variable definitions for oblique impact

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图 13 斜撞击溅射幕沉积物的形貌^[122]

Figure 13. Deposit shapes of oblique impact ejecta curtain^[122]

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图 14 不同撞击角范围对应的溅射幕的形貌

Figure 14. Ejecta curtain shapes generated by different impact angle

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图 15 非对称溅射幕水平截面形貌及溅射速度分布^[128]

Figure 15. Horizontal section shape and ejecting velocity distribution of asymmetric ejecta curtain^[128]

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图 16 灶神星斜坡撞击坑特征

Figure 16. Characteristics of craters on the slopes of Vesta

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图 17 倾斜表面靶体坡度角与撞击角的定义

Figure 17. Definition of slope angle and impact angle

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图 18 倾斜表面靶体撞击溅射次表层颗粒流场^[134]

Figure 18. Subsurface particle flow field generated by impacting slope targets^[134]

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图 19 撞击区域周边含撞击坑与凸起对应的溅射物沉积^[138]

Figure 19. Ray-shaped ejecta curtain deposition generated by the craters and elevations around the impact area^[138]

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图 20 靶体表面沟壑导致的射线形溅射幕及其与撞击体直径的关系^[76]

Figure 20. Ray-shaped ejecta curtain caused by target surface ravines and its relationship with impactor diameter^[76]

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图 21 撞击体形状导致的射线形溅射幕^[77]

Figure 21. Ray-shaped ejecta curtain generated by impactor shape^[77]

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图 22 射线数量与撞击体表面凸起距离的关系^[77]

Figure 22. Variation in the number of rays due to convex distance^[77]

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图 23 撞击体结构对溅射幕形貌的影响^[117]

Figure 23. Effect of impactor structure on ejecta curtain morphology^[117]

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图 24 弹丸撞击破碎对溅射幕形貌的影响^[148]

Figure 24. Effect of projectile impact fragmentation on ejecta curtain morphology^[148]

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