炮孔壁缺陷对切槽爆破裂纹扩展的影响

程雨航; 刘锋; 代伟; 朱正德; 毕如洁; 潘长鑫

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0245

炮孔壁缺陷对切槽爆破裂纹扩展的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0245

安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院，安徽淮南 232001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（煤炭联合基金）（51134012）

详细信息

作者简介:
程雨航（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，2583175733@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘　锋（1976－　），男，博士，副教授，hyli@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; TD235
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- 文章访问数: 212
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 37
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-19
- 修回日期: 2024-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-17

Influence of notch hole wall defects on the crack propagation under notch blasting

School of Chemical Engineering and Blasting, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 利用有机玻璃（PMMA）材料在切槽炮孔壁上预制缺陷裂纹，以TATP炸药为装药，采用动态焦散线实验结合数值模拟的方法，探究了炮孔壁缺陷对切槽爆破裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明：在平行缺陷处应力波的反射会导致切槽裂纹起裂方向向下偏移，在垂直缺陷处应力波的折射不影响裂纹起裂方向；孔壁缺陷的存在会抑制应力波及爆生气体对切槽处裂纹的作用，使其裂纹长度、扩展速度及强度因子均减小；抑制作用与缺陷到炮孔中心的距离有关，当缺陷远离炮孔中心时，平行缺陷对两侧切槽裂纹的抑制作用逐渐减弱，垂直缺陷对远侧切槽裂纹的抑制作用逐渐减弱，对近侧切槽裂纹的抑制作用逐渐增强；垂直缺陷左右的切槽裂纹受边界反射应力波作用相较于平行缺陷更加显著，左侧裂纹由于前期受缺陷处的反射应力波作用，并不呈现明显规律，但右侧裂纹随垂直缺陷远离炮孔中心，受边界反射应力波的作用显著降低。
- 炮孔壁缺陷 /
- 切槽爆破 /
- 动态焦散线 /
- 应力波 /
- 裂纹扩展
Abstract: The defective cracks were prefabricated on the wall of the notch holes by using PMMA material, which were parallel or vertical to the notch, and the distance from the defective cracks to the holes center was 2, 3, and 4 mm. The influence of notch hole wall defects on the crack propagation of notch blasting was investigated by using a digital dynamic caustic experimental system with numerical simulation. At the same time, TATP explosives were employed as a charge, which served to mitigate the effect of gun smoke on the dynamic caustic experimental system and to improve the experimental design. The results demonstrate that the reflection of the stress wave at parallel defects results in a downward shift in the direction of crack initiation at the notch, but the refraction of the stress wave at vertical defects has no effect on the direction of crack initiation. The presence of wall defects in the hole impedes the impact of stress waves and blast gases on the cracks at the notch, resulting in a reduction in the length, expansion rate, and strength factor values of the cracks, and the degree of inhibition is contingent upon the distance of the defects from the centre of the borehole. As the distance between the parallel defects and the centre of the borehole increases, the inhibition effect of the parallel defects on both sides of the notch cracks gradually decreases. the inhibition effect of vertical defects on the far side of the notch cracks gradually decreases, while the inhibition effect on the proximal side of the notch cracks gradually enhances. The left and right notch cracks of vertical defects are more significantly affected by the boundary reflected stress wave than those of parallel defects. The notch cracks on the left side do not exhibit a clear pattern, owing to the pre-existing reflected stress wave at the defects. In contrast, the notch cracks on the right side are substantially diminished by the boundary-reflected stress wave as the vertical defects move away from the center of the notch holes.
- hole wall defect /
- notch blasting /
- dynamic caustic line /
- stress wave /
- crack propagation

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图 1 实验系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental system

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图 2 试件设计方案

Figure 2. Specimen design scheme

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图 3 裂纹尖端的焦散斑图像

Figure 3. Series of dynamical caustics at crack tip

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图 4 应力波及切槽裂纹偏转角

Figure 4. Stress spread and notch crack deflection angle

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图 5 切槽裂纹尖端位移曲线

Figure 5. Displacement curves of notch crack tip

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图 6 爆后试件裂纹扩展图像

Figure 6. Crack propagation diagram of specimen after explosion

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图 7 相同缺陷不同距离切槽裂纹扩展速度对比

Figure 7. Comparison of the expansion rate of notch cracks with different distances for the same defects

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图 8 相同距离不同缺陷切槽裂纹扩展速度对比

Figure 8. Comparison of crack expansion rate of notch with different defects at the same distance

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图 9 相同缺陷不同距离切槽裂纹强度因子对比

Figure 9. Comparison of strength factors of notch cracks with different distances for the same defects

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图 10 相同距离不同缺陷切槽裂纹强度因子的对比

Figure 10. Comparison of strength factors of notch cracks with different defects at the same distance

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图 11 应力云图

Figure 11. Stress cloud maps

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图 12 裂纹扩展模拟

Figure 12. Simulation results of crack extension

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图 13 平行缺陷裂纹应力波传播

Figure 13. Stress wave propagation of Parallel flaw crack

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图 14 垂直缺陷裂纹应力波传播

Figure 14. Stress wave propagation of vertical flaw crack

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表 1 实验方案

Table 1. Experimental scheme

试件	缺陷类型	到圆心的距离/mm	炮孔直径/mm	药卷直径/mm	不耦合系数	装药量/mg
M			8	5	1.6	50
P-2	平行	2	8	5	1.6	50
P-3	平行	3	8	5	1.6	50
P-4	平行	4	8	5	1.6	50
V-2	垂直	2	8	5	1.6	50
V-3	垂直	3	8	5	1.6	50
V-4	垂直	4	8	5	1.6	50

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表 2 应力波及切槽裂纹偏转角

Table 2. Stress spread and notch crack deflection angle

试件	α/(°)	$ \bar{\alpha} $/(°)	β/(°)	$ \bar{\beta} $/(°)
	20.3		22.5
P-2	19.6	20.1	21.8	22.1
	20.5		22.0
	28.8		29.7
P-3	29.4	29.3	30.5	30.2
	29.7		30.4
	35.3		34.9
P-4	36.4	36.1	35.5	35.4
	36.6		35.8

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表 3 切槽裂纹长度

Table 3. Notch crack length

试件	L/mm	ΔL/L_M/%
M	95.3
P-2	41.7	−56.24
P-3	57.3	−39.87
P-4	61.6	−35.36
V-2-L	84.3	−11.54
V-3-L	81.5	−14.48
V-4-L	75.3	−20.98
V-2-R	46.6	−51.10
V-3-R	35.2	−63.06
V-4-R	31.2	−67.26

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表 4 最大扩展速度分析

Table 4. Maximum expansion speed analysis

试件	v/(m·s⁻¹)	Δv/v_M/%
M	628.57
P-2	307.13	−51.14
P-3	385.68	−38.64
P-4	446.30	−28.99
V-2-L	590.48	−6.06
V-3-L	692.72	10.21
V-4-L	663.78	5.60
V-2-R	400.45	−36.29
V-3-R	351.22	−44.12
V-4-R	248.35	−60.49

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表 5 最大强度因子分析

Table 5. Maximum intensity factor analysis

试件	K/(MN·m^-3/2)	ΔK/K_M/%
M	4.89
P-2	2.77	-43.35
P-3	2.59	-47.03
P-4	2.85	-41.72
V-2-L	3.96	-19.02
V-3-L	3.48	-28.83
V-4-L	3.11	-36.40
V-2-R	2.77	-43.35
V-3-R	2.59	-47.03
V-4-R	2.28	-53.37

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表 6 炸药材料参数

Table 6. Explosive material parameters

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	p/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/(J·kg⁻¹)
1.63	6.93×10³	21	373.7	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35	3.68×10⁶

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表 7 岩石材料参数

Table 7. Rock material parameters

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	剪切模量/GPa	抗拉强度/MPa	抗压强度/MPa
2.66	28.7	12.2	154

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表 8 空气介质参数

Table 8. Air medium parameters

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E₀/(J·kg⁻¹)	V₀
1.25×10⁻³	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	2.4×10⁻⁶	1

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