Blast-resistant analysis and design of CFRP sheet strengthened masonry infilled walls
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摘要: 为研究爆炸作用下碳纤维增强聚合物（carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP）布加固砌体填充墙的抗爆性能及设计方法，首先，采用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立砌体填充墙的简化分离有限元模型及CFRP布加固抗爆分析模型，通过与已有的9组未加固和CFRP布加固砌体填充墙的野外爆炸试验结果进行对比，验证了所采用的墙体简化分离建模方法、砌体和CFRP布本构模型及参数以及相应接触算法的适用性。然后，参考标准GB
50608 —2020推荐的砌体墙CFRP抗震加固方式，通过对比分析爆炸作用下CFRP布加固原型砌体填充墙的动力行为，建议优先采用对角双向加固方式，其次是垂直双向和横向满铺加固方式，不建议采用竖向满铺和混合三向加固方式。最后，以同时满足CFRP布基本保持完整、墙体中心不发生砌块飞散以及墙体中心最大面外挠度小于墙厚为设计目标，得出典型小轿车（227 kg TNT当量）和手提包炸弹（23 kg TNT当量）在不同比例距离爆炸时，对应6~9度抗震设防等级要求的3种拉结筋布置形式（无/截断/通长拉结筋）原型墙体需要加固的比例距离范围分别为0.8~2.0 m/kg1/3和0.2~1.2 m/kg1/3，进一步给出了最优CFRP布加固层数建议。结果表明，拉结筋布置对最优加固层数的影响较小，仅影响墙体需要加固的临界爆炸比例距离。Abstract: Aiming to investigate the performance and design approach of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet strengthened masonry infilled walls subjected to blast loads, the commercial finite element program LS-DYNA is firstly used to develop the simplified micro-finite element model of masonry infilled walls and the corresponding blast-resistant analysis model of the CFRP sheet strengthened walls. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the nine groups field explosion test results of the unstrengthening and CFRP sheet strengthened masonry infilled walls, the applicability of the present simplified micro-modeling approach, as well as the material models and parameters of masonry and CFRP sheet and the corresponding contact algorithm, is thoroughly verified. Furthermore, referring to the CFRP sheet seismic strengthening methods recommended by Chinese standard GB 50608—2020, the dynamic behaviors of the prototype masonry infilled walls strengthened with CFRP sheets under blast loads are analyzed and compared. It is recommended that the diagonal two-way strengthening method be advocated, followed by the vertical two-way and horizontal full-cover strengthening methods. In contrast, the vertical full-cover and mixed three-way strengthening methods are not recommended. Finally, to simultaneously satisfy the conditions of intact CFRP, no scattering debris and the peak central deflection than wall thickness to meet the blast-resistant design goal, the ranges of the scaled distance of the prototype masonry infilled walls with different arrangements of tie bar (non-/cut-off/full-length tie bar) that need to be strengthened under typical sedan (227 kg equivalent TNT) and briefcase bombs (23 kg equivalent TNT) specified by Federal Emergency Management Agency explode at different scaled distances are determined to be 0.8–2.0 m/kg1/3 and 0.2–1.2 m/kg1/3, respectively. The suggestions for the optimal number of CFRP sheet layers for effective blast-resistant design are further provided. The arrangement of the tie bar has little effect on the optimal number of strengthening layers, only affecting the critical scaled distance at which the wall needs to be strengthened. -
图 2 CFRP布加固砌体填充墙有限元模型
Figure 2. Finite element model of CFRP sheet strengthened masonry infilled wall
图 7 墙体破坏过程与最终破坏模式的对比
Figure 7. Failure processes and comparisons of final failure modes of walls
图 8 反射超压时程曲线的对比（1 kg）
Figure 8. Comparisons of reflected overpressure-time histories (1 kg)
图 12 砌体填充墙面外位移时程对比
Figure 12. Comparisons of out-of-plane displacement-time histories of masonry infilled walls
图 13 未加固砌体填充墙破坏模式的对比
Figure 13. Comparisons of damage modes of unstrengthening masonry infilled wall
图 14 未加固原型砌体填充墙示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of unstrengthening prototype masonry infilled wall (unit: mm)
图 15 CFRP加固砌体填充墙示意图
Figure 15. Schematic diagrams of CFRP-strengthened masonry infilled walls
图 16 CFRP加固墙体瞬时面外位移云图
Figure 16. Instantaneous out-of-plane displacement contours of CFRP-strengthened walls
图 17 不同CFRP加固方式下墙体中心位移时程曲线
Figure 17. Central displacement-time histories of walls with different CFRP strengthening methods
图 18 墙体拉结筋布置和最优CFRP加固方式
Figure 18. Arrangement of tie bar and optimal CFRP strengthening methods
图 19 小轿车炸弹爆炸下不同拉结筋布置墙体破坏模式
Figure 19. Failure modes of masonry walls with different arrangements of tie bar under sedan bomb
图 20 小轿车炸弹爆炸下不同CFRP加固层数无拉结筋墙体破坏模式
Figure 20. Failure modes of masonry walls (no tie bar) with different layers of CFRP under sedan bomb
密度/(kg·m−3) 厚度/mm ν Xt/MPa Yt/MPa Sc/MPa E11/GPa E22/GPa εf,t εm,t 1 580 0.167 0.019 2 800 87 170 218 9 0.016 0.012 
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表 2 1 kg炸药工况下峰值反射超压的对比
Table 2. Comparisons of peak reflected overpressures (1 kg)
测点 峰值反射超压/MPa 相对误差/% 试验值[5] 模拟值 1 6.3 5.8 −7.9 4 3.3 2.7 −18.2
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表 3 砌体填充墙的加固方式
Table 3. Strengthening methods of masonry infilled wall
加固方式 横向CFRP布参数 纵向CFRP布参数 斜向CFRP布参数 M L/mm W/mm N L/mm W/mm O L/mm W/mm 未加固 — — — — — — — — — 横向满铺 1 — 2 500 — — — — — — 竖向满铺 — — — 1 — 3 700 — — — 垂直双向 13 200 100 19 200 100 — — — 对角双向 — — — — — — 42 200 100 混合三向 13 200 100 — — — 20 300 100
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表 4 墙体最优CFRP加固层数
Table 4. Optimal number of CFRP layers for strengthening walls
爆炸源 比例距离/(m·kg−1/3) 不同拉结筋布置墙体最优加固层数 无拉结筋布置 截断拉结筋布置 通长拉结筋布置 小轿车炸弹（227 kg） 2.0 无需加固 无需加固 无需加固 1.8 1 无需加固 无需加固 1.6 1 1 1 1.4 1 1 1 1.2 2 2 2 1.0 3 3 3 0.8 无加固必要 无加固必要 无加固必要 手提包炸弹（23 kg） 1.2 无需加固 无需加固 无需加固 1.0 1 1 1 0.8 1 1 1 0.6 2 2 2 0.4 2 2 2 0.2 无加固必要 无加固必要 无加固必要
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