基于大型激波管氢氧爆轰驱动方式产生冲击波波形调控的数值模拟

郭丁; 孙渊博; 葛云心; 王成; 邵建锟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0300

基于大型激波管氢氧爆轰驱动方式产生冲击波波形调控的数值模拟

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0300

郭丁^{1, 2,},
孙渊博¹,
葛云心¹,
王成^{1, 2},
邵建锟^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学长三角研究院（嘉兴），浙江嘉兴 314000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12472362, 12221002）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭　丁（1999－　），男，硕士研究生，guoding@bit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
邵建锟（1989－　），男，博士，教授，jkshao@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381
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- 文章访问数: 148
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-20
- 修回日期: 2025-03-03
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-04

Numerical study of shock wave generated by hydrogen-oxygen detonation in a large shock tube

GUO Ding^{1, 2
,},
SUN Yuanbo¹,
GE Yunxin¹,
WANG Cheng^{1, 2},
SHAO Jiankun^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 大型激波管作为爆炸冲击毁伤与防护实验平台时，能规避小尺度缩尺实验中由于尺寸效应造成的实验结果不准确，但由于设备稀缺性目前仍然缺乏利用大型激波管直接模拟炸药爆炸冲击波形的研究。因此，进行大型激波管内氢氧爆轰驱动方式下冲击波生成与传播过程的数值模拟。根据现存大型激波设备结构特点，建立具有驱动管、激波整形段和变截面出口特征的大型激波管二维模型。冲击波的生成与传播过程使用含有七步氢氧反应模型的二维非定常粘性可压缩流体控制方程表达，湍流模型选取RNG k-ε模型，并选用二维瞬态耦合式求解器进行数值模拟计算。根据数值模拟计算结果，研究在大型激波管采用氢氧爆轰驱动方式时，驱动初始物理条件、低反应活性气体掺混、激波管几何构型等因素对于爆轰形成冲击波波形的影响，并总结多种因素下产生冲击波特征参数的变化规律。最后，选取黑火药爆炸冲击波实验数据作为目标，依据冲击波变化规律，模拟了大型激波管中冲击波波形调控过程。结果表明，在多因素耦合作用调控下，能够实现在大型激波管中利用氢氧爆轰驱动方式对特定爆炸冲击波的模拟复现。
- 大型激波管 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 激波物理 /
- 波形复现
Abstract: Blast wave damage and protection experiments conducted in large-scale shock tubes can avoid the inaccurate experimental results caused by the size effect in small-scale model experiments. However, due to the scarcity of equipment, there is still a lack of research on directly simulating the shock waveforms of explosive explosions using large-scale shock tubes at present. Therefore, a numerical simulation study of the generation and propagation process of shock wave generated by hydrogen-oxygen detonation in a large shock tube were conducted, and the reproduction of blast wave in a large shock tube was realized based on numerical simulation. Based on the designs of existing large shock tubes, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a large shock tube with driving tube, shock shaping section and variable angle outlet was established. The governing equation of a two-dimensional unsteady viscous compressible flow together with the seven-step reaction of the hydrogen-oxygen detonation mechanism was used to simulate the generation and propagation process of the shock wave. The RNG k-ε model was selected as the turbulence model, and the two-dimensional transient coupling solver was used for numerical simulation. Due to the large scale of the model, turbulence has little effect on the far-field shock wave. Therefore, the finite rate component transport model was selected to couple the interaction between turbulence and chemical reaction, and a two-dimensional transient coupled solver was used. Based on the numerical results, the influence of initial physical conditions of the driving gas, inert gas mixing, and the shock tube configurations on the formation of shock wave waveforms by detonation was studied. The variation laws of shock wave characteristic parameters under various factors were summarized. Finally, using the experimental data of black powder explosion shock waves as the target, the process of shock wave waveform regulation in the large shock tube was simulated according to the shock wave variation laws. The results show that under the combined effect of multiple factors, it is possible to simulate and reproduce the specific explosion shock wave using the hydrogen-oxygen detonation driving method in the large shock tube.
- large-scale shock tube /
- numerical simulation /
- shock wave physics /
- shock wave reproduction

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图 1 爆炸冲击波传播压力-时间变化曲线

Figure 1. Pressure-time history of an explosion shock wave

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图 2 构建的二维大型激波管模型及其网格划分

Figure 2. Construction of a two-dimensional large-scale shock tube model and its mesh partitioning

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图 3 激波整形过程

Figure 3. Shock wave shaping process

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图 4 数值验证结果

Figure 4. Numerical validation results

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图 5 网格收敛性分析结果

Figure 5. Grid convergence analysis results

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图 6 不同初始压力下观测点处的冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 6. Pressure-time histories of shock waves at observation point under different initial pressures

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图 7 峰值压力-初始压力拟合曲线

Figure 7. Fitting curve between peak pressure and initial pressure

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图 8 不同初始温度条件下观测点处冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 8. Pressure-time histories of shock waves at observation point at different initial temperatures

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图 9 峰值压力-初始温度拟合函数

Figure 9. Fitting function between peak pressure and initial temperature

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图 10 不同的低反应活性气体掺混条件下观测点处冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 10. Pressure-time histories of shock waves at observation point under different inert gas mixing conditions

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图 11 不同氮气掺混量条件下观测点冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 11. Pressure-time histories of shock waves at observation point with different nitrogen amount

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图 12 不同驱动管管长条件观测点冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 12. Pressure-time histories of shock waves with different driving tube lengths

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图 13 峰值压力-驱动管长度拟合函数

Figure 13. Fitting curve between peak pressure and driver section length

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图 14 变截面出口不同开口角度下观测点冲击波压力-时间曲线

Figure 14. Pressure-time histories of shock waves with different opening angles

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图 15 冲击波在不同开口角度出口处的压力传播云图

Figure 15. Shock waves propagating with different opening angles

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图 16 工况7下冲击波模拟结果与实验结果^[27]的比较

Figure 16. The result of shock wave simulation compared with the experimental one^[27] under condition 7

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图 17 工况8下冲击波模拟结果与实验结果^[27]的比较

Figure 17. The result of shock wave simulation compared with the experimental one^[27]

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表 1 不同工况初始条件设置

Table 1. Initial settings of different working conditions

工况	驱动气体组分	低反应活性气体掺混	ϕ/%	T₀/K	p₀/MPa	L/m	φ	tan θ
1	H₂/O₂	无	0	300	1.0～2.0	30	1	0.3
2	H₂/O₂	无	0	300～350	2.0	30	1	0.3
3	H₂/O₂	N₂/He/Ar	50	300	1.0	30	1	0.3
4	H₂/O₂	N₂	25～50	300	1.0	30	1	0.3
5	H₂/O₂	无	0	300	3.0	9～30	1	0.3
6	H₂/O₂	无	0	300	1.0	30	1	0.1～0.4
7	H₂/O₂	无	0	300	2.685	30	1	0.3
8	H₂/O₂	N₂	25	300	2.69	30	1	0.3

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表 2 七步氢氧化学反应简化机理模型参数

Table 2. Parameters for seven-step hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction mechanism model

反应步	基元反应	A	n	E_a/(kJ∙mol⁻¹)
1	H₂+O₂ = OH+OH	1.70×10¹³	0.00	101.07
2	H+O₂ = O+OH	1.20×10¹⁷	-0.91	34.77
3	H₂+OH = H₂O+H	2.20×10¹³	0.00	10.84
4	H₂+O = OH+H	5.06×10⁴	2.67	13.24
5	OH+OH = H₂O+O	6.30×10¹²	0.00	2.30
6	OH+H+M = H₂O+M	2.12×10²²	-2.00	0.0
7	H+H+M = H₂+M	7.30×10¹⁷	-1.00	0.0
注：(1)第6步第三体碰撞系数：H₂（2.5）、H₂O（12）、N₂（1.0）、Ar（0.4）、He（0.4）(2)第7步第三体碰撞系数：H₂（2.5）、H₂O（12）、N₂（1.0）、Ar（0.5）、He（0.5）

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