Experimental study of the radiation characteristics of hypervelocity impact flash
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摘要: 为研究超高速撞击中的闪光辐射特性，基于二级轻气炮平台搭建闪光辐射测试试验系统，分析了撞击速度、弹丸直径和靶室真空度对闪光频域与时域特性的影响。结果表明，闪光频域由线光谱和连续光谱组成，撞击速度和弹丸直径的增大提升了初始动能，显著增强了闪光辐射强度；靶室环境压力的提高则通过增加摩擦生热进一步提升了辐射强度。在衰减阶段，更高的撞击速度延长了闪光持续时间，但加速了温度衰减；弹丸直径对闪光持续时间和温度影响较小；靶室环境压力的降低则减缓了衰减，延长了闪光持续时间。研究表明，撞击速度和靶室环境压力对闪光特性影响显著，而弹丸直径影响有限。Abstract: The characteristics of flash radiation during hypervelocity impact processes were investigated using a flash radiation test system established on a two-stage light gas gun platform. The study explored how impact velocity, projectile diameter, and target chamber vacuum level affect the frequency and time characteristics of flash radiation. The flash radiation test system was designed to precisely measure the frequency and time domain of the flash radiation emitted during hypervelocity impacts. The system is composed of a two-stage light gas gun capable of achieving high impact velocities, a vacuum chamber to control the environmental pressure, and a high-speed spectrometer to capture the emitted radiation. The experimental setup enabled the systematic variation of impact velocity, projectile diameter, and target chamber vacuum level, allowing for a comprehensive study of their individual and combined effects on flash radiation characteristics. The results indicate that the flash radiation in the frequency domain exhibits a dual-component structure, comprising discrete line spectra with fixed wavelengths and continuous spectra. Higher impact velocities and larger projectile diameters, which increase the initial kinetic energy of the impact, enhance the radiation intensity of the flash. Additionally, higher environmental pressures of target chamber increase the frictional heating between the projectile and the gas, further increasing flash radiation intensity. During the decay phase of the flash, increasing the impact velocity raises the plasma concentration, prolongs the duration of the flash, but accelerates the flash temperature decay. In contrast, the projectile diameter has an insignificant effect on the duration and temperature of the flash. Reducing the environmental pressure of target chamber decreases the attenuation during the flash radiation process and extends the duration of the flash. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing flash radiation during hypervelocity impacts. The findings highlight the importance of impact velocity and projectile diameter in determining the intensity and duration of flash radiation and reveal the significant role of environmental pressure of target chamber in modifying the radiation characteristics. These results offer valuable insights for the design and analysis of hypervelocity impact experiments and contribute to the broader understanding of impact physics.
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Key words:
- hypervelocity impacts /
- flash radiation /
- frequency domain /
- time domain
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图 1 超高速撞击闪光辐射测量系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the hypervelocity impact flash radiometric system
图 5 不同撞击速度下的闪光辐射演变曲线
Figure 5. Evolutionary curves of flash radiation at different impact velocities
图 6 不同弹丸直径下的闪光辐射演变曲线
Figure 6. Evolution curves of flash radiation for different projectile diameters
图 7 不同靶室真空度下的闪光辐射演变曲线
Figure 7. Evolution curves of flash radiation at different chamber vacuum levels
图 11 不同撞击工况下等效辐射温度时间曲线
Figure 11. Equivalent radiation temperature-time curves at different impact conditions
表 1 超高速撞击闪光辐射试验工况
Table 1. Conditions of hypervelocity impact flash radiation test
试验编号 dp/ mm v/ （km·s−1） H/ mm θ/（°） p/ Pa 18# 3 6.43 20.0 0 9.60 25# 3 4.43 20.0 0 10.00 26# 3 3.13 20.0 0 10.00 27# 3 6.54 20.0 0 99.00 28# 3 6.48 20.0 0 990.00 29# 4 6.58 20.0 0 8.90 31# 3 6.46 20.0 0 5.80 32# 5 6.25 20.0 0 2.90 34# 3 6.29 20.0 0 0.58 
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