Study on blast load distribution of building surface under surface burst
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摘要: 为深入研究触地爆下建筑表面冲击波载荷分布规律，首先开展了实验室环境下精细缩比实验，获取了球形炸药触地爆下缩比建筑模型表面测点冲击波压力时间曲线，得到了不同工况下冲击波特征参数分布规律；随后发展了冲击波传播数值模拟方法，并使用缩比实验数据对模拟方法进行校核，通过数值方法重点对建筑背爆面载荷分布及冲击波历程进行分析；最后发展了基于冲击波时程分析和叠加法则的理论分析方法，得到了建筑背爆面载荷分布的量化分析模型，并利用模拟结果进行验证。研究结果表明触地爆下建筑迎爆面最大冲击波载荷位于建筑底部，整体载荷分布较均匀；建筑背爆面载荷主要集中在顶角两侧及中轴线区域，由顶边和侧边绕射冲击波叠加形成，最大超压出现在不同绕射冲击波交汇位置，其位置和大小受建筑尺寸和爆心距影响。Abstract: In order to study the distribution of blast wave load of building surface under surface burst, firstly, the fine scaled experiments under laboratory environment were conducted. The blast wave pressure-time curves on the surface of building model under the situation of surface burst of spherical charge as well as the distribution law of blast wave characteristic parameters were obtained. Subsequently, the numerical simulation method of blast wave propagation was developed and verified by the experimental data. Through simulation, the blast load distribution and time-histories of blast pressure on the rear face of building were analyzed. Finally, the theoretical method based on blast wave time-history analysis and superposition rule was proposed, and the quantitative analysis model of the blast load distribution on the rear face of building which was verified by numerical results was obtained. The results show that the maximum blast load on the front face of building located at the bottom of the building, which the overall distribution was relatively uniform. The blast load on the rear face of building was mainly concentrated on the two sides of the top angle and the central axis, which was formed by the superposition of the diffraction waves from top and side edges, and the maximum overpressure occurred at the intersection position of different diffraction shock waves, which is affected by the building size and explosion distance.
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Key words:
- surface burst /
- blast load /
- scaled experiment /
- numerical simulation
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图 3 球形炸药触地爆冲击波传播数值模型
Figure 3. Numerical model of propagation of blast wave generated by spherical charge on ground
图 15 建筑物表面不同高度处冲击波最大超压
Figure 15. The max overpressure at different heights of building surfaces
图 16 建筑物表面不同高度处冲击波最大冲量
Figure 16. The max impulse at different heights of building surfaces
图 17 不同宽度建筑背爆面最大超压分布云图
Figure 17. The distribution map of max overpressure on rear face of building with different width
图 18 不同时刻建筑背爆面压力分布云图
Figure 18. The distribution map of blast pressure on rear face of building at different times
图 19 不同宽度建筑背爆面中心位置测点压力时程曲线
Figure 19. The overpressure-time curves at center gauges on rear face of building with different width
图 20 触地爆冲击波绕射传播示意图
Figure 20. The Schematic diagrams of surface blast wave diffraction
图 21 建筑背爆面最大超压位置与宽度的关系
Figure 21. The relationship between the max overpressure location on rear face and the building width
图 22 建筑背爆面最大超压与宽度的关系
Figure 22. The relationship between the max overpressure on rear face and the building width
表 1 各测点冲击波参数实验与模拟结果定量对比
Table 1. Quantitative comparison of blast wave parameters at pressure gauges
测点 ta/ms 误差/% td/ms 误差/% pm/kPa 误差/% I/(Pa∙s) 误差/% 实验 模拟 实验 模拟 实验 模拟 实验 模拟 A1 0.86 0.72 −16.3 0.54 0.57 5.56 978.1 1021 4.39 146.5 183.6 25.3 A2 1.59 1.44 −9.43 1.14 1.18 3.51 72.97 63.92 −12.4 30.65 37.00 20.7 B1 1.69 1.59 −5.92 0.80 0.78 −2.50 319.1 304.1 −4.70 86.24 100.0 16.0 B2 2.54 2.44 −3.94 1.78 1.40 −21.3 35.38 32.24 −8.88 29.54 32.28 9.28 C1 1.71 1.59 −7.02 0.93 1.00 7.53 363.2 304.1 −16.3 102.7 114.9 11.9 C2 3.13 2.91 −7.03 2.03 1.84 −9.36 41.56 43.06 3.61 32.17 31.78 −1.21 D1 2.88 2.66 −7.64 0.88 0.92 4.55 197.5 150.9 −23.6 50.88 63.48 24.8 D2 3.80 3.59 −5.53 1.57 1.60 1.91 24.66 27.00 9.49 25.37 26.42 4.14 G1 0.26 0.21 −19.2 0.24 0.49 104 1299 1172 −9.78 84.05 109.4 30.2 G2 0.64 0.64 0.00 0.59 0.64 8.47 297.4 280.2 −5.78 47.53 56.74 19.4 
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