钢筋混凝土墩柱侧向冲击损伤的评估方法

陈泓宇; 李华伟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0441

钢筋混凝土墩柱侧向冲击损伤的评估方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0441

陈泓宇^1,,
李华伟^{1, 2, ,}

1.
广州大学工程抗震研究中心，广东广州 510006
2.
广州大学工程抗震减震与结构安全教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510006

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52308486）；广州市基础与应用基础研究（2023A04J1651）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈泓宇（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，1659868415@qq.com

通讯作者:
李华伟（1989－　），男，博士，副教授，huawei.li@gzhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O342; U443.22
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- 文章访问数: 536
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-11
- 修回日期: 2025-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-05

Damage assessment method of RC piers under lateral impact loads

CHEN Hongyu^1
,,
LI Huawei^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Earthquake Engineering Research & Test Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earthquake Resistance, Earthquake Mitigation and Structural Safety, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete, RC）墩柱在侧向冲击荷载作用下的动力响应、评估其损伤程度，采用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA建立RC墩柱侧向冲击的精细化有限元模型；基于RC墩柱侧向冲击试验，验证了有限元模型的有效性；探讨了冲击速度、冲击质量、冲击位置和墩柱轴压比对RC墩柱的动力响应和损伤演变的影响规律；基于剩余承载力和残余位移，提出了相对残余位移和相对剩余承载力指标，确定了RC墩柱发生轻度损伤、中度损伤、重度损伤和倒塌对应的相对剩余承载力值，并建立了不同冲击位置和墩柱轴压比下相对残余位移和相对剩余承载力的映射关系，进而建立RC墩柱损伤评估方法。研究结果表明：RC墩柱在柱中位置遭受冲击的主要表现为弯剪破坏，而柱底位置遭受冲击的主要表现为局部剪切破坏；随着冲击速度和冲击质量的增加，残余位移显著增大，剩余承载力显著下降；轴压比在0.2~0.4范围内对于冲击力和位移峰值的影响有限，但对柱中冲击时的残余位移产生显著影响；柱中位置和柱底位置受侧向冲击时，相对残余位移与相对剩余承载力之间存在着近似线性的关系，相对残余位移越大，相对剩余承载力越小；在相对残余位移相等的情况下，柱底冲击比柱中冲击的相对剩余承载力更低，承载性能下降幅度更大。
- 桥梁工程 /
- 损伤评估 /
- RC墩柱 /
- 侧向冲击
Abstract: To investigate the dynamic response and damage assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) piers under lateral impact loads, high-fidelity finite element models of RC piers under lateral impact were developed using the explicit dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA. The finite element models were calibrated by using the test data from lateral impact tests of RC piers. The influences of impact velocity, impact mass, impact location, and axial compression ratio on the dynamic response and damage evolution of RC piers were investigated. Based on the residual load-carrying capacity and residual displacement, the indicators of relative residual deformation and relative residual load-carrying capacity were proposed. The corresponding values of relative residual load-carrying capacity for slight damage, moderate damage, severe damage, and collapse were determined. Moreover, a mapping relationship between relative residual deformation and relative residual load-carrying capacity of RC piers with various axial compression ratios and impacted at different impact locations was established. A damage assessment method for RC piers under impact load was proposed based on the mapping relationship. The research results indicate that RC piers subjected to impact at the mid-column position primarily exhibit flexural-shear failure, whereas local shear failure predominantly occurs when the impact is applied close to the column base. As the impact velocity and mass increase, the residual displacement increases significantly, while the residual bearing capacity decreases. The axial compression ratio within the range from 0.2 to 0.4 has a limited effect on the peak impact force and peak displacement but significantly affects the residual displacement when the impact occurs at the mid-column. When the mid-column position and the column base position are subjected to lateral impact, there exists an approximate linear relationship between relative residual deformation and relative residual load-carrying capacity, such that the greater the relative residual deformation, the smaller the relative residual load-carrying capacity. Under conditions of equal relative residual deformation, the relative residual load-carrying capacity of the base-column impact is lower than that of the mid-column impact, with a more significant decrease in load-carrying capacity.
- bridge engineering /
- damage assessment /
- RC pier /
- lateral impact

HTML全文

图 1 RC墩柱几何尺寸和配筋图（单位：mm）

Figure 1. Geometry and reinforcement arrangement of RC pier (unit: mm)

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图 2 小车冲击加载示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of impact test setup

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图 3 RC墩柱有限元模型

Figure 3. Finite element model of RC pier

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图 4 作用在柱顶部的轴力

Figure 4. Axial force acting on top of column

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图 5 冲击力时程曲线对比

Figure 5. Comparison of impact force time histories

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图 6 柱中位移时程曲线对比

Figure 6. Comparison of time histories of displacement at middle of column

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图 7 柱底冲击响应对比

Figure 7. Comparison of impact responses of column impacted at base

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图 8 冲击速度对破坏形态的影响

Figure 8. Effect of impact velocity on failure mode

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图 9 冲击质量对破坏形态的影响

Figure 9. Effect of impact mass on failure mode

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图 10 轴压比对破坏形态的影响

Figure 10. Effect of axial compression ratio on failure mode

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图 11 冲击速度对冲击力时程曲线的影响

Figure 11. Effect of impact velocity on the time history of impact force

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图 12 冲击质量对冲击力时程曲线的影响

Figure 12. Effect of impact mass on the time history of impact force

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图 13 轴压比对冲击力时程曲线的影响

Figure 13. Effect of axial compression ratio on the time history of impact force

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图 14 冲击速度对位移时程曲线的影响

Figure 14. Effect of impact velocity on displacement time history

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图 15 冲击质量对位移时程曲线的影响

Figure 15. Effect of impact mass on displacement time history

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图 16 轴压比对位移时程曲线的影响

Figure 16. Effect of axial compression ratio on displacement time history

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图 17 位移对剩余承载力的影响

Figure 17. Effect of displacement on residual bearing capacity

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图 18 冲击速度对剩余承载力的影响（冲击质量为600 kg）

Figure 18. Effect of impact velocity on residual bearing capacity with the impact mass of 600 kg

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图 19 冲击质量对剩余承载力的影响（冲击速度为5 m/s）

Figure 19. Effect of impact velocity on residual bearing capacity with the impact velocity of 5 m/s

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图 20 轴压比对剩余承载力的影响（冲击速度为5 m/s，冲击质量为600 kg）

Figure 20. Effect of axial compression ratio on residual bearing capacity with the impact velocity of 5 m/s and impact mass of 600 kg

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图 21 相对剩余承载力-相对残余位移关系

Figure 21. Relationship of relative residual bearing capacity and relative residual displacement

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表 1 有限元模型材料属性

Table 1. Material properties for finite element model

材料	模型	密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/ GPa	泊松比	抗压强度/ MPa	屈服强度/ MPa	失效应变
混凝土	CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3 (*MAT_072R3)	2490	-	0.2	42	-	-
纵筋钢材	PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY (*MAT_024)	7850	205	0.3	-	400	0.4
箍筋钢材	PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY (*MAT_024)	7850	205	0.3	-	335	0.4
加载板/小车钢材	ELASTIC (*MAT_001)	7850	205	0.3	-	-	-

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表 2 相对剩余承载力、损伤指标和损伤程度的关系

Table 2. Relationship of relative residual bearing capacity, damage index and damage degree

N_R	D_c	损伤程度
N_R≥0.8	D_c＜0.2	轻度损坏
0.5≤N_R＜0.8	0.2≤D_c＜0.5	中度损坏
0.2≤N_R＜0.5	0.5≤D_c＜0.8	重度损坏
N_R＜0.2	D_c≥0.8	倒塌

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