Abstract: Explosion suppression technology can effectively reduce the consequences of accidents, which is an important part of combustible gas explosion safety protection technology. As the core component of explosion suppression device, the performance of the explosion suppressant can directly affect the reliability of explosion suppression system. This paper focuses on the research results in the field of explosion suppression at home and abroad, and systematically summarizes and analyzes the explosion suppression powder and its inhibition mechanism. Based on the different compositions, the explosion inhibition powder is divided into one-component and compound materials. According to the difference of the suppression mechanism, the one-component inhibition powder is divided into active powder and inert powder. In the literature review part, this paper follows the structure “General introduction of powder materials—Related experimental and theoretical research—Suppression mechanism summary”. Finally, this paper summarizes the existing problems of the research at present and the future work is discussed, proposes to standardize the testing process, emphasizes the use of numerical simulation to guide the inhibition of material synthesis and reduce the blindness of research.