反应平衡对TNT约束爆炸准静态压力热力学模型计算结果的影响

黄阳; 陈素文; 周健

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0027

反应平衡对TNT约束爆炸准静态压力热力学模型计算结果的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0027

黄阳^1,,
陈素文^{1, 2, ,},
周健³

1.
同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092
2.
同济大学土木工程学院防灾减灾全国重点试验室，上海 200092
3.
华东建筑设计研究院有限公司，上海 200002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51678448）；学科交叉联合攻关（2023-2-ZD-05）；上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”（22dz1202900）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄　阳（1999－　），男，博士研究生，2210010@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈素文（1974－　），女，博士，教授，博士生导师，swchen@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381
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- PDF下载量: 34
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-24
- 修回日期: 2025-04-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-16

Influence of reaction equilibrium on thermodynamic model calculations of quasi-static pressure for confined TNT explosions

HUANG Yang^1
,,
CHEN Suwen^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHOU Jian³

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3.
East China Architecture Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200002, China

摘要

摘要: 约束爆炸准静态压力热力学模型可有效描述压力随当量体积比m/V的变化，并可基于物质组分和温度结果进一步导出气体绝热系数等物理量。然而，基于炸药爆轰和燃烧方程建立的不考虑化学反应平衡的热力学模型，其结果在反应产物中有碳单质析出后与美国UFC 3-340-02结构抗爆规范中的准静态压力曲线出现偏差，且对TNT约束爆炸准静态压力热力学模型中各物理量考虑反应平衡的必要性研究还未见报道。为探究反应平衡对热力学模型计算结果的影响，首先，基于等容过程的能量守恒方程和固体碳析出现象，修正了不考虑反应平衡的热力学模型，提高了模型结果在m/V≥0.371 kg/m³时与UFC曲线的一致性。然后，基于统一的模型求解框架，对比了考虑与不考虑反应平衡的热力学模型结果。研究表明：由于引入化学反应平衡造成的准静态压力最大相对差异小于20%，而固体碳生成时对应的m/V由0.371 kg/m³转变为3.850 kg/m³，温度达到峰值时对应的m/V由0.371 kg/m³转变为0.680 kg/m³，且物质组分和温度结果的差异在m/V>0.1 kg/m³后随m/V的增大逐渐显著。因此，在计算m/V>0.1 kg/m³的TNT约束爆炸工况中与物质组分和温度直接相关的物理量时，有必要采用考虑反应平衡的模型。最后，基于符号回归算法，提出了考虑反应平衡的TNT约束爆炸准静态阶段物质组分、温度和压力的简化计算方法。
- 化学反应平衡 /
- 约束爆炸 /
- 准静态压力 /
- 热力学模型
Abstract: The quasi-static pressure thermodynamic model for confined explosions provides an effective characterization of pressure evolution with mass-to-volume ratio m/V, and derivation of physical quantities such as gas adiabatic index from products and temperature. However, the thermodynamic model based on detonation and combustion equations that neglects reaction equilibrium demonstrates growing deviations from the quasi-static pressure curve in UFC 3-340-02 blast-resistant design standard after carbon precipitates in detonation products, and existing research inadequately addresses the necessity of incorporating reaction equilibrium for various physical quantities in TNT confined explosion thermodynamic models. In order to investigate the influence of reaction equilibrium on thermodynamic calculation results, the model neglecting reaction equilibrium was modified based on the energy conservation equation of isochoric processes and the solid carbon precipitation phenomenon. The modified model has a consistency with the UFC curve for m/V≥0.371 kg/m³. Then, a comparative analysis was conducted on the results of thermodynamic models considering and not considering the reaction equilibrium based on the unified solution framework. The results indicate that incorporating chemical equilibrium into quasi-static pressure calculation introduces a maximum relative deviation below 20%, and critical thresholds alters, i.e., the m/V for carbon precipitation shifts from 0.371 to 3.850 kg/m³, and peak temperature transitions from 0.371 to 0.680 kg/m³. Significant divergence in mole numbers of product composition emerges progressively when m/V exceeds 0.1 kg/m³. Therefore, the reaction equilibrium-based thermodynamic model is a more rational choice for calculating quantities related to components and temperature in TNT confined explosions with m/V>0.1 kg/m³. Finally, a simplified calculation method for products, temperature, and pressure during the quasi-static phase of TNT confined explosions considering reaction equilibrium is proposed based on symbolic regression algorithm. The research contributes to a theoretical understanding of equilibrium effects on thermodynamic model results and the practical implementation of rapid parameter estimation in TNT confined explosion scenarios.
- chemical reaction equilibrium /
- confined explosion /
- quasi-static pressure /
- thermodynamic model

HTML全文

图 1 TNT约束爆炸准静态压力的试验结果及对应的UFC曲线

Figure 1. Quasi-static pressure from TNT confined explosion experiments and the corresponding UFC curve

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图 2 修正前后准静态压力热力学模型超压结果对比

Figure 2. Overpressure result comparison of quasi-static pressure thermodynamic models before and after revision

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图 3 约束爆炸准静态压力热力学模型求解框架

Figure 3. The solution framework of thermodynamic quasi-static pressure models for confined explosions

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图 4 反应平衡常数随温度的变化

Figure 4. Variation of reaction equilibrium constants with temperature

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图 5 生成物摩尔数随当量体积比的变化

Figure 5. Variation of product moles versus the mass-to-volume ratio

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图 6 准静态温度的模型结果及与试验结果的对比

Figure 6. The model results for adiabatic combustion temperature and comparison with experimental results

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图 7 准静态压力的模型结果及与UFC规范曲线的对比

Figure 7. The model results for quasi-static pressure and comparison with the UFC curve

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图 8 热力学模型及简化计算方法的各生成物摩尔数对比

Figure 8. Comparison for moles of each product from the thermodynamic model and the simplified method

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图 9 热力学模型及简化计算方法的准静态温度对比

Figure 9. Comparison of the adiabatic combustion temperature from thermodynamic models and the simplified method

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图 10 热力学模型及简化计算方法的准静态压力对比

Figure 10. Comparison of the quasi-static pressure from thermodynamic models and the simplified method

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