Rate-temperature coupled deformation mechanism and constitutive parameters of catenary copper-magnesium alloy materials for high-speed railway
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摘要: 为研究高速铁路弓网系统在动态冲击和摩擦温升等服役条件下的力学性能，采用DF14.205D电子万能试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆，测试了应变率0.001～
3000 s−1和温度293～873 K范围内高速铁路接触网铜镁合金材料的单轴压缩力学性能，分析了其应力-应变响应的应变率效应和温度敏感性，揭示了率温耦合作用下铜镁合金材料的压缩变形机制和微观组织演化规律，并构建了能准确描述其塑性流动行为的动态本构模型。研究表明，接触网铜镁合金材料在压缩过程中表现出显著的应变率强化和温度软化效应，并且这些效应受到加工硬化、应变率、温度软化等因素的共同作用；当温度大于473 K时，材料的变形主要以温度软化为主导，且温度能促进材料动态回复与动态再结晶过程；修正后的Johnson-Cook模型能够较好地预测该材料的塑性流动应力-应变响应。研究结果可为高速列车弓网系统服役安全设计和评估提供参考。Abstract: With the increasing speed of trains, the impacts of mechanical shock, arc heat, and Joule heat on the high-speed railway catenary system have become increasingly significant. The coupling effect of high temperature and impact load has emerged as a key limiting factor for the safe operation of the pantograph-catenary system. This study focuses on copper-magnesium alloy materials used in the catenary system to address the challenges of dynamic impact and friction-induced heat generation in high-speed railways. To investigate the mechanical properties of the high-speed railway pantograph-catenary system under service conditions such as dynamic impact and frictional temperature rise, a DF14.205D electronic universal testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar were employed. The uniaxial compression mechanical properties of the copper-magnesium alloy in the catenary were tested over a strain rate range of 0.001 s−1 to3000 s−1 and a temperature range of 293 K to 873 K. The strain-rate effect and temperature sensitivity of the stress-strain response were carefully analyzed. The study also revealed the compression deformation mechanism and the evolution law of the alloy’s microstructure under the combined influence of strain rate and temperature. Furthermore, a dynamic constitutive model was established to accurately describe the plastic flow behavior of the material. The findings indicate that during compression, the copper-magnesium alloy materials exhibit significant strain-rate strengthening and temperature softening effects. These effects result from the combined action of work hardening, strain rate, and temperature softening. When the temperature exceeds 473 K, temperature softening becomes the dominant factor in material deformation, and the elevated temperature can stimulate dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization processes. The modified Johnson-Cook model was found to be capable of accurately predicting the plastic flow stress-strain response. These research outcomes provide valuable guidance and references for the safety design and evaluation of the high-speed train pantograph-catenary system during its service. -
图 1 接触网铜镁合金材料压缩试件取样示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the compression specimen sampling for catenary copper-magnesium alloy
图 2 接触网铜镁合金材料的原始微观组织
Figure 2. The original microstructure of the catenary copper-magnesium alloy
图 3 接触网铜镁合金材料的真实应力-真实应变响应
Figure 3. True stress-true strain response of catenary copper-magnesium alloy
图 4 接触网铜镁合金材料的屈服强度σ0.2和流动应力σ (εture=0.06)
Figure 4. Yield strength σ0.2 and flow stress σ (εture=0.06) of catenary copper-magnesium alloy
图 5 不同温度和应变率下铜镁合金材料的应变率敏感指数ms和温度敏感性因子ST
Figure 5. Strain rate sensitivity coefficient ms and temperature sensitivity factor ST of copper-magnesium alloy materials at different temperatures and strain rates
图 6 同一温度、不同应变率下压缩实验后的接触网铜镁合金材料的微观组织结构与晶粒尺寸分布图
Figure 6. Microstructural features and grain size distribution map of catenary copper-magnesium alloy after compression tests at the same temperature and different strain rates
图 7 同一应变率、不同温度下压缩实验后的接触网铜镁合金材料的微观组织结构与晶粒尺寸分布图
Figure 7. Microstructural features and grain size distribution map of catenary copper-magnesium alloy after compression tests at the same strain rate and different temperatures
图 8 同一温度、不同应变率下压缩实验后的接触网铜镁合金材料KAM分布图
Figure 8. KAM diagram of catenary copper-magnesium alloy after compression testing
图 9 同一应变率、不同温度下压缩实验后的接触网铜镁合金材料KAM分布图
Figure 9. KAM diagram of catenary copper-magnesium alloy after compression testing
图 10 不同温度和应变率下的平均几何位错密度
Figure 10. Average geometrical dislocation density at different temperatures and strain rates
图 11 不同温度和应变率下接触网铜镁合金材料实验结果和模型预测结果对比
Figure 11. Comparison of experimental results and model predictions for catenary copper-magnesium alloy at different temperatures and strain rates
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