摘要:
新型低当量钻地核弹的多点聚集爆炸对深地工程构成严重威胁。针对传统单点模拟难以复现此类多点协同毁伤爆炸成坑效应的难题,本文创新性地设计并开发了基于真空室的大当量多点聚集爆炸成坑效应模拟试验系统。该系统的核心创新点在于利用利用真空室模拟试验技术可以高效、快捷的模拟大当量多点爆炸成坑效应,并且实验成本低,试验结果可重复。基于真空室爆炸模拟理论,建立了大当量多点聚集爆炸成坑效应的相似律,确定了真空室压力、多点模拟爆腔压力等关键参数,并通过同步性试验验证了多爆源之间的同步性。以美国“Palanquin”地下核爆炸成坑原型试验为参照,开展了深埋(4.3 kt,埋深85 m)与浅埋(5 kt,埋深20 m)两组不同工况下的三点爆源真空室爆炸成坑模拟试验,并与单点爆炸成坑原型试验统计结果及经验公式进行了对比。结果表明:相较于单点爆炸,多点爆炸显著提升了成坑半径、体积及自由面投影面积,极大扩展了毁伤区域;爆源埋深对毁伤效应影响显著。本研究首创的真空室多点爆炸模拟系统及方法,为准确评估钻地核弹多点聚集爆炸对深地下工程的毁伤机制与效能,提供了不可替代的试验平台和坚实的理论基础,具有重要的工程应用价值。
Abstract:
Novel low-yield earth-penetrating nuclear warheads utilizing multi-point focused explosions pose a severe threat to deep underground structures. Addressing the critical challenge that traditional single-point simulations fail to replicate the synergistic damage effects inherent in such multi-point detonations, this paper innovatively designs and develops a vacuum chamber-based simulation test system for large-yield multi-point focused explosion cratering effects. The core innovation lies in the unique application of vacuum chamber technology, enabling efficient, cost-effective simulation of these complex phenomena with high result repeatability. Based on vacuum chamber explosion simulation theory, we established the similarity laws governing large-yield multi-point explosion cratering, determining key parameters including vacuum chamber pressure and simulated multi-source cavity pressure, while synchronization tests verified simultaneity across explosive sources. Referencing the US "Palanquin" underground nuclear test, we conducted vacuum chamber simulations for three-point sources under deep burial (4.3 kt, 85 m depth) and shallow burial (5 kt, 20 m depth) scenarios, comparing results with single-point explosion prototype data and empirical formulas. Results demonstrate that multi-point explosions significantly enhance crater radius, volume, and free-surface projection area compared to single-point events, dramatically expanding the damage zone, with explosive burial depth profoundly influencing the effect. This study pioneers a first-of-its-kind vacuum chamber multi-point explosion simulation system, providing an indispensable experimental platform and robust theoretical foundation for accurately assessing damage mechanisms and effectiveness of earth-penetrating nuclear multi-point strikes on deep underground engineering, holding substantial value for protective structure design and related engineering applications.