米字形点阵力学超材料的低速冲击响应及能量吸收特性

路畅; 胡朝磊; 焦金泽; 王志鹏; 伍天星; 白春玉; 王计真; 郭亚周; 张宇; 李肖成; 秦庆华

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0101

米字形点阵力学超材料的低速冲击响应及能量吸收特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0101

1.
西安交通大学航天航空学院，极端环境服役性能与防护技术西安市重点实验室，复杂服役环境重大装备结构强度与寿命全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710049
2.
徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司，江苏徐州 221000
3.
中国船舶集团有限公司第705研究所，陕西西安710077
4.
中国飞机强度研究所，强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室，结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12472391，11972281）；航空科学基金（201941070001）；国家重点研发计划（2022YFB3806104）

详细信息

作者简介:
路　畅（2002－　），男，硕士研究生， luchang6626@163.com

通讯作者:
秦庆华（1976－　），男，博士，教授，qhqin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 247
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-28
- 修回日期: 2025-06-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-12

Investigation on low-velocity impact response and energy absorption of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials

1.
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment and Protective Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
2.
Xuzhou XCMG Excavator Machinery Co., Ltd, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
3.
The 705 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi, China
4.
National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 点阵力学超材料具有轻质、可设计和抗冲击等优点，在航空航天等许多领域具有广阔的应用前景。设计了一种米字形点阵力学超材料，采用选择性激光熔化技术制备了米字形点阵力学超材料试样，开展了落锤冲击试验和有限元数值模拟，研究了低速冲击载荷作用下点阵力学超材料的动态压溃行为和能量吸收机理，分析了冲击速度对米字形点阵力学超材料变形模式和能量吸收特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：冲击速度对米字形点阵力学超材料的变形模式有较大影响，在较低冲击速度下，点阵力学超材料的变形模式与准静态压缩下的变形模式相似，均以剪切带周围胞元的逐层压溃模式为主；在较高冲击速度下，点阵力学超材料的变形模式由X形剪切带转换为V形剪切带，最后演变为弧形剪切带；进一步研究发现，米字形点阵力学超材料呈现出一定程度的速率敏感性，随着冲击速度的增大，初始峰值应力、平台应力和比吸能增大。
- 力学超材料 /
- 低速冲击 /
- 动态响应 /
- 变形模式 /
- 能量吸收
Abstract: Lattice mechanical metamaterials have been widely used in various fields due to the lightweight, flexible designability and excellent impact resistance. In this paper, an enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial was designed and fabricated by selective laser melting. The dynamic crushing behavior and energy absorption mechanism of this metamaterials subjected to low-velocity impact were explored experimentally and numerically. The influence of impact velocity on the deformation mode and energy absorption capability of the enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials was analyzed. It is shown that the impact velocity has significant effects on the deformation modes of the mechanical metamaterials. At the lower impact velocities, the deformation mode of lattice mechanical metamaterials resembles that observed under quasi-static compression, characterized by the layer-by-layer crushing mode of the cells around the shear band. At the higher impact velocities, the deformation mode of lattice mechanical metamaterials transitions from X-shaped shear band to V-shaped shear band, and finally evolves into an arc-shaped shear band. The further study suggests that enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial exhibits a certain degree of velocity sensitivity. With the increase of the impact velocity, the initial peak stress, plateau stress, and specific energy absorption all increase correspondingly.
- mechanical metamaterial /
- low-velocity impact /
- dynamic response /
- deformation mode /
- energy absorption

HTML全文

图 1 米字形点阵力学超材料设计与试样

Figure 1. Design and specimen of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial

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图 2 拉伸试件的名义应力-应变曲线^[21]

Figure 2. Nominal stress-strain curves of tensile specimens

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图 3 米字形点阵力学超材料的面外准静态压缩试验

Figure 3. Out-of-plane quasi-static compression experiment of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial

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图 4 DHR-1250型落锤冲击系统

Figure 4. DHR-1250 drop hammer impact system

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图 5 米字形点阵力学超材料的面外准静态压缩有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to out-of-plane quasi-static compression

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图 6 准静态载荷下米字形点阵力学超材料的压缩响应曲线

Figure 6. Compression response curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to quasi-static loading

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图 7 准静态载荷下米字形点阵力学超材料的压缩变形模式

Figure 7. Compression deformation modes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to quasi-static loading

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图 8 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的动态响应曲线(v=7.00 m/s)

Figure 8. Dynamic response curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=7.00 m/s)

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图 9 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的变形模式(v=7.00 m/s)

Figure 9. Deformation modes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=7.00 m/s)

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图 10 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的动态响应曲线(v=7.67 m/s)

Figure 10. Dynamic response curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=7.67 m/s)

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图 11 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的变形模式(v=7.67 m/s)

Figure 11. Deformation modes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=7.67 m/s)

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图 12 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的动态响应曲线(v=8.28 m/s)

Figure 12. Dynamic response curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=8.28 m/s)

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图 13 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的变形模式(v=8.28 m/s)

Figure 13. Deformation modes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterial subjected to low-velocity impact (v=8.28 m/s)

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图 14 较低冲击速度下米字形点阵力学超材料的动态响应对比

Figure 14. Comparisons of dynamic responses of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to lower impact velocities

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图 15 不同冲击速度下米字形点阵力学超材料的变形模式对比

Figure 15. Comparisons of deformation modes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to different impact velocities

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图 16 不同冲击速度下米字形点阵力学超材料的应力-应变曲线

Figure 16. Stress-strain curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to different impact velocities

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图 17 准静态压缩载荷下米字形点阵力学超材料的密实应变、平台应力和初始峰值应力

Figure 17. Densification strain, plateau stress and initial peak stress of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to quasi-static compression loading

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图 18 不同冲击速度下米字形点阵力学超材料的应力-应变曲线

Figure 18. Stress-strain curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to different impact velocities

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图 19 不同冲击速度下米字形点阵力学超材料的比能量吸收曲线对比

Figure 19. Comparisons of specific energy absorption curves of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to different impact velocities

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表 1 动态冲击试验设计方案

Table 1. Design scheme of dynamic impact experiment

试验编号目标高度/m 冲击速度/ (m·s⁻¹)

1 2.5 7.00

2 3.0 7.67

3 3.5 8.28

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表 2 低速冲击下米字形点阵力学超材料的评估指标

Table 2. Evaluation indexes of enhanced X-shaped lattice mechanical metamaterials subjected to low-velocity impact

v/(m·s⁻¹) σ_peak/MPa σ_pl/MPa E_m/(kJ·kg⁻¹)

7 3.13 1.22 5.76

7.67 3.27 1.22 5.73

8.28 3.66 1.22 5.82

15 6.59 1.31 6.26

25 9.11 1.39 6.67

50 12.30 1.90 9.21

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