Influence of ammonia content on ammonia-hydrogen-air premixed gas duct-vented explosions
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摘要: 为了深入研究氨气-氢气-空气预混气体火焰在管道内外的燃烧特性，在长
2000 mm的不锈钢管道中开设尺寸为400 mm×70 mm的观察窗，借助高速摄影和压力传感器，测试分析了化学计量比(Ф=1)的条件下掺氨量(φ)在30%~85%范围内对火焰形态和管道内外压力演化的影响。结果表明，掺氨量(φ)会显著影响管道中火焰的传播过程以及压力时程曲线。管道内火焰的传播速度随掺氨量的增加而降低，到达由二次爆炸引起的回流现象的时间也随之延长；管内距离泄爆口400 mm处设置压力测点PS1采集数据，各工况下管道内压力曲线均呈现p1、p2和p3的三峰结构，3个压力峰分别由泄爆口薄膜破裂、管内气体泄放以及管外二次爆炸产生的气体回流引起，p1的大小取决于泄爆膜的抗拉强度，其幅值几乎与掺氨量(φ)无关，p2和p3均随着掺氨量(φ)的增加而升高，其中p3升高速率最大；管外距离泄爆口500 mm处设置压力测点PS2采集数据，管外二次爆炸压力峰值（pout）随着掺氨量(φ)的增加而降低，到达pout的时间则随之延长。Abstract: Renewable energy is addressing some of the key challenges facing global society today, and zero-carbon energy systems are the fundamental way to achieve carbon neutrality. Therefore, hydrogen and ammonia have gained great attention as zero-carbon energy sources. To further study the combustion characteristics of ammonia-hydrogen-air premixed gas flame inside and outside the duct, the influence of ammonia doped amount (φ) on the flame morphology and the evolution of pressure inside and outside the duct under stoichiometric ratio was explored with the help of high-speed photography and pressure sensor in a2000 mm stainless steel duct with a 400-mm-long and 70-mm-wide observation window. The results show that φ significantly affects the pressure inside and outside the duct, and the time to reach the reverse flow phenomenon caused by the secondary explosion also increases. The pressure measuring point PS1 is set at 400 mm away from the explosion vent in the duct to collect data. The pressure curves in the duct under each working condition are presented as a three-peak structure, named p1, p2, and p3. The three pressure peaks are caused by the rupture of the explosion vent film, the gas venting in the duct, and the gas reverse generated by the secondary explosion outside the duct. The size of p1 depends on the tensile strength of the explosion venting membrane, and its amplitude is almost independent of the φ. p2 and p3 both increase with the increase of φ, and the p3 increase rate is the largest when φ is in 50%-65%. p2 changes from a single peak to a fluctuating pressure platform in the pressure curve diagram, and the time of the platform extends with the increase of φ. The pressure measurement point PS2 is set at the horizontal central axis, 500mm away from the explosion vent outside the duct, to collect data. And the peak pressure of the secondary explosion outside the duct (pout) decreases with the increase of the φ, and the time to reach pout increases. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of ammonia and hydrogen energy.-
Key words:
- explosion venting /
- dynamic pressure change /
- overpressure /
- flame pattern
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图 5 φ=25%～50%时管道内火焰逆流图像
Figure 5. Images of reverse flow flame inside the duct at φ=25%-50%
图 6 φ=45%时管内火焰锋面位置变化及火焰传播速度
Figure 6. Location of flame front and flame speed in the duct at φ=45%
图 8 φ=30%, 35%条件下管内压力的对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the pressure in the duct under the condition of φ=30%, 35%
图 9 φ=45%, 50% 条件下管内压力的对比
Figure 9. Comparison of the pressure in the duct under the condition of φ=45%, 50%
图 10 φ=55%, 60%, 65%条件下管内压力的对比
Figure 10. Comparison of the pressure in the duct under the conditions of φ=55%, 60%, 65%
图 11 管内不同φ条件下p1、p2、p3的比较
Figure 11. Comparison of p1, p2, p3 in the duct under different φ values
图 12 不同φ条件下管内p3和dp3/dt的变化趋势
Figure 12. Trend of P3 and dp3/dt in the duct under different φ values
图 13 不同φ条件下管外pout随时间的变化趋势
Figure 13. Trend of pout outside the duct with time under different φ values
表 1 PCB 113B24压电式压力传感器参数
Table 1. Parameters of PCB 113B24 piezoelectric pressure sensor
技术指标 参数范围 量程 0～13.79 kPa 最大压力 68.95 MPa 分辨率 0.035 pPa 谐振频率 ≥500 kHz 上升时间 ≤1 μs 非线性度 ≤1% 放电时间常数 ≤1.4Pa/(m·s−2) 加速度灵敏度 >100 s 
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表 2 联能CY-YD-202压电式压力传感器参数
Table 2. Parameters of CY-YD-202 piezoelectric pressure sensor
技术指标 参数范围 量程 0～10 MPa 过载能力 120% 参考压力灵敏度 32.3pC/105 Pa 自振频率 >100 kHz 电容 43.3 pF 工作温度 -10～80 ℃ 非线性 <1.5%FS 绝缘电阻 >1012 Ω
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表 3 配制气体方案
Table 3. Schemes of gas distribution
NO Φ φ V(NH3)/% V(H2)/% V(air)/% 1 1 85 19.61 3.46 78.25 2 80 18.71 4.68 77.94 3 75 17.79 5.93 77.61 4 70 16.84 7.22 77.27 5 65 15.86 8.54 76.93 6 60 14.85 9.90 76.58 7 55 13.81 11.30 76.21 8 50 12.75 12.75 75.83 9 45 11.65 14.23 75.45 10 40 10.51 15.77 75.05 11 35 9.34 17.35 74.64 12 30 8.13 18.98 74.21
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