CoCrFeNiCu<sub><i>x</i></sub>高熵合金爆炸成型弹丸药型罩结构的优化与毁伤效能

李镕辛; 陈嘉琳; 王瑞琪; 宋佳星; 黄骏逸; 张阿震; 吴家祥; 李裕春

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0144

CoCrFeNiCu_x高熵合金爆炸成型弹丸药型罩结构的优化与毁伤效能

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0144

1.
陆军工程大学野战工程学院，江苏南京 210007
2.
军事科学院国防工程研究院目标易损性评估国家重点实验室，北京 100036
3.
西安稀有金属研究院有限公司，陕西西安 710006

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目（2025JC-YBQN-103）

详细信息

作者简介:
李镕辛（1999－　），男，博士研究生，lirongxin2682022@163.com

通讯作者:
李裕春（1974－　），男，博士，副教授，liyuchunmail@sina.com

中图分类号: O382; TJ410.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-16
- 修回日期: 2025-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-09

Optimization of structural design and damage efficacy for CoCrFeNiCu_x high-entropy alloy liners in explosively formed projectiles

1.
College of Field Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Target Vulnerability Assessment, Institute of Defense Engineering, AMS, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
3.
Xi’an Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710006, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 探究了CoCrFeNiCu_x高熵合金作为药型罩材料在爆炸成型弹丸领域中的应用潜力，旨在通过优化药型罩结构提升爆炸成形弹丸的成形性能和毁伤效能。通过准静态和动态拉伸试验研究了CoCrFeNiCu_x高熵合金的力学性能，并拟合了Johnson-Cook本构模型参数。结果表明，2种高熵合金（x=0, 1）均表现出优异的塑性、延展性及正应变率敏感性，动态屈服强度随应变率升高显著提升。基于AUTODYN软件对比分析了紫铜与高熵合金药型罩的成形规律，发现高熵合金因强度高导致初始结构成形困难，弹丸尾部闭合不良。通过对药型罩进行均匀变壁厚优化，使形成的爆炸成型弹丸长径比分别提升至2.0（x=0）和2.5（x=1），速度分别达到2260和2357 m/s。侵彻性能验证表明，优化后的弹丸对100 mm厚4340钢靶的侵彻深度分别为37.8和41.5 mm，对1000 mm厚C35混凝土靶的侵彻深度分别达287.6和303.7 mm，扩孔直径均超过装药口径的260%，显示出优异的侵彻毁伤能力。研究结果表明，通过优化CoCrFeNiCu_x高熵合金药型罩结构可显著改善爆炸成型弹丸的成形质量与侵彻性能，为高效毁伤战斗部设计提供了理论依据与新思路。
- 高熵合金 /
- 爆炸成型弹丸 /
- 药型罩 /
- 结构优化 /
- 侵彻性能
Abstract: High-entropy alloys (HEAs), as a novel class of high-performance metallic materials, have demonstrated considerable potential in the fields of damage and penetration mechanics. This study investigates the application of CoCrFeNiCu_x HEAs as liner materials for explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), with the objective of enhancing EFP formation quality and damage efficacy through structural optimization of the liner. Quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of the HEAs with different copper contents (x=0 and x=1). The experimental data were used to fit parameters for the Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model. The results indicate that both HEA compositions exhibit outstanding plasticity, ductility, and positive strain-rate sensitivity, with dynamic yield strength increasing significantly under high strain-rate loading. Numerical simulations were performed using the nonlinear finite element software AUTODYN to compare the EFP formation processes between conventional copper liners and the proposed HEA liners. The simulations revealed that the superior strength of the HEAs impeded the complete closure of the projectile tail when using a conventional uniform wall thickness liner geometry. To address this issue, a uniform variable wall thickness design was implemented for the HEA liners. This optimization successfully improved the formed EFPs, resulting in length-to-diameter ratios of 2.0 for x=0 and 2.5 for x=1, with velocities reaching 2260 m/s and 2357 m/s, respectively. The penetration performance of the optimized HEA EFPs was validated against two target types. The projectiles achieved penetration depths of 37.8 mm (x=0) and 41.5 mm (x=1) into 100-mm-thick 4340 steel targets, and 287.6 mm and 303.7 mm into 1000-mm-thick C35 concrete targets. The crater diameters exceeded 260% of the charge caliber, confirming excellent penetration and damage capabilities. This work demonstrates that structural optimization of CoCrFeNiCu_x HEA liners significantly enhances EFP formation quality and penetration performance, providing a theoretical foundation and a novel strategy for the design of high-efficiency damage warheads.
- high-entropy alloy /
- explosively formed projectile /
- liner /
- structural optimization /
- penetration performance

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图 1 高熵合金的制备流程

Figure 1. Process of HEAs synthesis

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图 2 高熵合金试样的结构参数（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Structural parameters of the HEA specimens (unit: mm)

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图 3 霍普金森拉杆示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the SHTP

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图 4 高熵合金力学性能测试结果

Figure 4. Mechanical tensile test results for HEA

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图 5 J-C本构模型拟合结果与力学试验结果的对比

Figure 5. Fitted results by Johnson-Cook constitutive model compared with mechanical experimental data

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图 6 HEAs试件断口SEM形貌及EDS分层扫描结果

Figure 6. SEM morphology and EDS elemental mapping of the fracture surface of HEA specimens

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图 7 等壁厚药型罩EFP聚能装药结构示意

Figure 7. Schematic of the EFP shaped charge structure with a uniform wall thickness liner

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图 8 等壁厚药型罩聚能装药计算模型

Figure 8. A computational model for a uniform-wall-thickness shaped charge liner

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图 9 初始药型罩结构形成EFP的仿真结果

Figure 9. Simulation results of EFP formation from the initial liner structures

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图 10 药型罩某微元受力和运动示意图^[42]

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of force and movement of a micro-element in the shaped charge liner^[42]

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图 11 3组变曲率半径优化装药计算模型

Figure 11. Three variable-curvature-radius optimized charge models

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图 12 3组变曲率半径优化计算结果

Figure 12. Simulation results of three-set variable-curvature-radius optimization

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图 13 变壁厚药型罩聚能装药结构

Figure 13. Variable-wall-thickness shaped charge liner structure

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图 14 HEA(x=0)变壁厚半球药型罩结构EFP形成计算结果

Figure 14. Simulation results of EFP formation from hea (x=0) variable-wall-thickness hemispherical liner structure

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图 15 HEA (x=0)变壁厚药型罩结构EFP形成过程

Figure 15. EFP formation process in HEA (x=0) variable-wall-thickness liner structure

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图 16 HEA (x=1)变壁厚药型罩结构EFP形成过程

Figure 16. EFP formation process in HEA (x=1) variable-wall-thickness liner structure

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图 17 紫铜药型罩形成的杆式射流

Figure 17. Jetting projectile charge formed by copper shaped charge liner

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图 18 EFP侵彻2种靶标计算模型

Figure 18. A computational model for EFP penetration into two types of targets

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图 19 EFP对4340钢靶的侵彻结果

Figure 19. Results of EFPs penetration into 4340 steel targets

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图 20 EFP对C35混凝土靶的侵彻结果

Figure 20. Results of EFPs penetration into C35 concrete targets

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表 1 两种材料在不同加载应变率下的应力

Table 1. Stresses corresponding to given strains at different strain rates

$ \dot \varepsilon $/s⁻¹	σ/MPa
$ \dot \varepsilon $/s⁻¹	x=0	x=1
0.01	204.7	249.5
1905	388.7
1965		443.5
3030		545.7
3095	463.3

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表 2 两种高熵合金的材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of two HEAs

x	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m_J-C
0	167	844.2	0.97	0.07	0.98
1	218	462.1	0.93	0.05	0.85

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表 3 三种材料药型罩装药结构参数

Table 3. Structural parameters for shaped charge liners of three types of materials

罩材	D/mm	L/mm	h/mm	d/mm	δ/mm	r₁/mm	r₂/mm
紫铜	60.0	60.3	11.0	58.0	2.0	39.6	37.6
CoCrFeNi	60.0	60.3	11.0	58.0	2.2	39.6	37.4
CoCrFeNiCu	60.0	60.3	11.0	58.0	2.1	39.6	37.5

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表 4 HEAs Grüneisen状态方程参数^[37-38]

Table 4. Grüneisen parameters of HEAs^[37-38]

材料	γ	S	c₀/(m·s⁻¹)
CoCrFeNi (x=0)^[37]	1.66	1.479	4770
CoCrFeNiCu (x=1)^[38]	1.73	1.481	4573

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表 5 紫铜的材料参数^[39]

Table 5. Material parameters of copper^[39]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m_J-C	γ	S	c₀/(km·s⁻¹)
8.96	90	292	0.31	0.025	1.09	2.02	1.489	3.94

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表 6 8701炸药JWL状态方程主要参数^[40]

Table 6. Material parameters of 8701 explosives^[40]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	v
1.69	8390	34	581.4	6.8	4.1	1.1	0.35	1.0

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表 7 四组优化模型装药结构参数

Table 7. Structural parameters of four optimized charge models

δ	D/mm	L/mm	h/mm	d/mm	Φ/mm	Φ`/mm	r₁/mm	r₂/mm
0.2	60.0	60.3	27.8	58.0	2.2	0.44	30.0	30.0
0.3	60.0	60.3	27.8	58.0	2.2	0.66	30.0	30.0
0.4	60.0	60.3	27.8	58.0	2.2	0.88	30.0	30.0
0.5	60.0	60.3	27.8	58.0	2.2	1.10	30.0	30.0

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表 8 优选药型罩结构参数

Table 8. Optimized structural parameters of the shaped charge liners

罩材	D/mm	L/mm	d/mm	r₁/mm	r₂/mm	Φ/mm	Φ'/mm	δ
CoCrFeNi	60.0	60.3	58.0	30	30	2.2	0.66	0.3
CoCrFeNiCu	60.0	60.3	58.0	30	30	2.1	0.84	0.4

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表 9 4340钢材料参数^[44]

Table 9. Material parameters of steel 4340^[44]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m_J-C	γ	S	c₀/(m·s⁻¹)	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
7.85	792	510	0.26	0.014	1.03	2.17	1.49	4500	0.05	3.44	-2.12	0.002	0.61

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表 10 C35混凝土材料参数^[45]

Table 10. Material parameters of concrete C35^[45]

G/GPa	f_c/MPa	f_t/f_c	A	N	Q	B	M	D₁	D₂	ϵ_f^min
16.7	35	0.1	1.6	0.61	1.03	0.0105	0.61	0.61	1	0.01

A₁/MPa	A₂/MPa	A₃/MPa	B₀	B₁	ρ_por/(g·cm⁻³)	c_por/(m·s⁻¹)	p_crush/MPa	p_lock/MPa	n	T₁/MPa
1.22	1.22	2.314	2920	23.3	600	3	3527	3527	3958	904

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