Effect of titanium fiber content on mechanical behavior and explosive properties of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges
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摘要: 为了提升活性材料的力学和爆轰性能，在短切钛纤维添加到铝-聚四氟乙烯（Al/PTFE）基体中制备出Al/PTFE环状活性材料，并与RDX药柱形成Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药。利用万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森杆研究了不同钛纤维含量对环状活性材料力学行为的影响；采用自由场爆炸测试系统、球形爆炸容器测试系统并结合比色测温技术，深入研究了短切钛纤维含量对组合装药的准静态压力、冲击波参数和热毁伤效应的影响。力学性能测试结果表明，随着钛纤维质量比的增加，Al/PTFE环状活性材料在静态压缩条件下的弹性模量、屈服强度、抗压强度等参数以及在高速撞击下的屈服强度和抗压强度均呈现先增加后减小的趋势，并且均在短切钛纤维质量比为3%时达到最大值。爆炸性能实验结果表明，短切钛纤维能够显著改善Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的爆炸性能，当短切钛纤维质量比为3%时，爆炸冲击波超压、正相作用时间和正冲量达到峰值分别为37.68 kPa、695.34 µs和12.34 Pa·s；而当短切钛纤维质量比为5%时后燃效应最显著，其爆炸准静态压力、火球最高平均温度和火球持续时间达到最大值70.50 kPa、
2782 K和1668.90 μs。固体爆炸产物分析表明，短切钛纤维通过改善Al/PTFE基体力学强度、延缓Al/PTFE环状活性材料碎裂时间并促进界面反应并参与高温化学反应，产生的协同作用和正反馈效应可以同时增强Al/PTFE活性材料的力学韧性与能量释放效率。Abstract: To improve the mechanical behaviors and explosion performance of the Al/PTFE reactive materials, short-cut titanium fibers were added to Al/PTFE annular reactive materials, and subsequently assembled with RDX explosive column to form a composite charge. The effects of different titanium fiber contents on the mechanical behaviors of the annular reactive materials were investigated using a universal material testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The influence of short-cut titanium fiber contents on the quasi-static pressure, shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of the composite charge was studied in depth by the free-field explosion test system and spherical explosion container test system combined with the colorimetric temperature measurement technology. The temperature field of explosion flame was reconstructed by the colorimetric temperature measurement method with a high-speed camera, which was based on the gray-body radiation theory. A tungsten lamp calibrated the measurement accuracy of the temperature mapping system, and the fitting relationship between the temperatures and the gray values of the high-speed images was derived to obtain the conversion coefficient. The test results of mechanical properties showed that with the increase of titanium fiber content, the elastic modulus, yield strength and compressive strength of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials under quasi-static compression, as well as the yield strength and compressive strength under high-speed impact, all exhibited an initial increase, which were followed by a decrease, reaching the maximum values at 3% content. The experimental results of explosion performance showed that short-cut titanium fibers could significantly enhance the explosion performance of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges. When the content of short-cut titanium fibers was 3%, the peak overpressure of the explosion shock wave, its positive phase duration and positive impulse were 37.68 kPa, 695.34 µs and 12.34 Pa·s, respectively. With 5% content of short--cut titanium fibers, the afterburning effect was the most significant. The maximum values of the explosion quasi-static pressure, average fireball temperature and fireball duration reached 70.50 kPa,2782 K and1668.90 µs, respectively. Analysis of solid explosion products indicated that short-cut titanium fibers could enhance the mechanical strength of the Al/PTFE matrix, delay the fragmentation time of the Al/PTFE annular reactive materials, promote the interfacial reactions, and participate in high-temperature chemical reactions, generating a synergistic effect and positive feedback to improve the mechanical toughness and energy release efficiency of the reactive materials.-
Key words:
- Titanium fiber /
- Reactive material /
- Composite charge /
- Mechanical behaviors /
- Explosion power /
- Afterburning effect
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图 3 纤维增强Al/PTFE环状活性材料制备流程图
Figure 3. Flow chart for the preparation of fiber-reinforced Al/PTFE annylar reactive materials
图 5 自由场爆炸实验系统示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the free-field explosion experiment system
图 6 不同短切钛纤维质量比Al/PTFE环状活性材料在静态压缩下应力-应变曲线
Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials with different short-cut titanium fiber content under quasi-static compression
图 7 不同短切钛纤维质量比Al/PTFE环状活性材料在160 s−1应变率下应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials with different short-cut titanium fiber content at 160 s−1 strain rate
图 8 不同短切钛纤维质量比的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药冲击波压力-时间曲线
Figure 8. Shock wave pressure-time curves of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges with different short-cut titanium fiber content
图 9 不同短切钛纤维质量比的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药冲击波参数
Figure 9. Shock wave parameters of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges with different short-cut titanium fiber content
图 10 不同钛纤维质量比Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的准静态压力-时间曲线
Figure 10. Quasi-static pressure-time curves for Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges with different titanium fiber content
图 11 无短切钛纤维Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的瞬态爆炸温度场
Figure 11. Transient explosion temperature field of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges without short-cut titanium fiber
图 12 短切钛纤维质量比为5%的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药瞬态爆炸温度场
Figure 12. Transient explosion temperature field of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges containing 5% short-cut titanium fiber
图 13 不同短切钛纤维质量比的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药平均温度-时间曲线
Figure 13. Average temperature-time curves for Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges with different short-cut titanium fiber content
图 14 不同短切钛纤维含量的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药爆炸火球持续时间
Figure 14. Explosive fireball duration of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges with different short-cut titanium fiber content
图 15 质量比为5%的短切钛纤维Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的爆炸固体残留物XRD图
Figure 15. XRD pattern of explosion solid residues of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges containing 5% short-cut titanium fiber
图 16 含有5%短切钛纤维的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药爆炸固体残余物的XPS光谱
Figure 16. XPS spectra explosion solid residues of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges containing 5% short-cut titanium fiber
图 17 短切钛纤维质量比为5%的Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的爆炸反应过程示意图
Figure 17. Diagram of the detonation reaction process of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges containing 5% short-cut titanium fiber
表 1 Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药的配方
Table 1. Formulation of Al/PTFE-RDX composite charges
样品 RDX的质量/g 组分的质量百分比/% TF Al/PTFE 1# 10 0 100 2# 10 1 99 3# 10 3 97 4# 10 5 95 5# 10 7 93 
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表 2 不同短切钛纤维质量比Al/PTFE环状活性材料在静态压缩下力学参数
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials with different short-cut titanium fiber content under quasi-static compression
样品 弹性模量/MPa 屈服强度/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 1# 4.74 1.88 2.10 2# 4.97 3.44 3.76 3# 6.12 4.38 5.01 4# 2.59 2.88 3.42 5# 1.72 2.53 3.06
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表 3 不同短切钛纤维质量比环状Al/PTFE活性材料在160 s−1应变率下力学参数
Table 3. Mechanical parameters of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials with different short-cut titanium fiber content at 160 s−1 strain rate
样品 屈服强度/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 1# 2.58 7.99 2# 3.20 10.21 3# 5.20 15.43 4# 4.46 12.78 5# 3.89 11.92
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