槽腔深度对掘进断面后续破岩特性的影响

程兵; 袁炜其; 汪泉; 宗琦; 汪海波; 郑强强; 吕闹

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0297

槽腔深度对掘进断面后续破岩特性的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0297

程兵^{1, 2, 3,},
袁炜其³,
汪泉^3, ,,
宗琦²,
汪海波²,
郑强强²,
吕闹²

1.
安徽理工大学深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室，安徽淮南 232001
2.
安徽理工大学矿山地下工程教育部工程研究中心，安徽淮南 232001
3.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院，安徽淮南 232001

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金（2408085QA029）；深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室开放基金（SKLMRDPC23KF05）；矿山地下工程教育部工程研究中心开放基金（JYBGCZX2023105）

详细信息

作者简介:
程　兵（1995－　），男，博士，讲师，2022053@aust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
汪　泉（1980－　），男，博士，教授，wqaust@163.com

中图分类号: O389; TD235
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- 文章访问数: 454
- HTML全文浏览量: 41
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-09
- 修回日期: 2025-11-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-21

Influences of cutting cavity depth on subsequent rock breaking properties of driving sections

CHENG Bing^{1, 2, 3
,},
YUAN Weiqi³,
WANG Quan^{3
, ,},
ZONG Qi²,
WANG Haibo²,
ZHENG Qiangqiang²,
LV Nao²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究槽腔深度对掘进断面后续破岩特性的影响，将具有不同深度槽腔的掘进断面简化为含不同深度空腔的砂岩试件，采用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）试验系统进行动态压缩试验，分析试件动态力学性能、能量耗散特征及破碎形态的变化规律，进而优化现场掏槽参数。结果显示：对于空腔直径为10和20 mm的砂岩试件，随空腔深度的增大，动态峰值应力分别下降17.69%和39.05%，动态峰值应变分别增大7.58%和18.56%，耗散能分别提高22.87%和45.92%，耗散能密度分别提升26.92%和73.08%，且试件破碎块度逐渐减小，表明增大槽腔深度可降低后续岩体的抗破坏能力、增大其变形能力和能量利用率、改善其破碎效果；当空腔直径为20 mm时，试件的动态力学性能和能量耗散特征随空腔深度的变化速率更高，破碎块度更小，表明增大槽腔直径也有利于破岩；采用孔内-孔外复合延期掏槽技术，能够增大槽腔深度和直径，进而促使全断面炮孔利用率达96.1%，且保证岩石破碎块度均匀合理。
- 掏槽爆破 /
- 槽腔深度 /
- SHPB试验系统 /
- 破岩特性 /
- 现场试验
Abstract: Cutting blasting is a crucial step in underground blasting driving. To investigate the influences of cutting cavity depth on subsequent rock breaking properties, driving sections with different cutting cavities depths were simplified as sandstone specimens with different depths of cavities. A series of dynamic compression tests were conducted using a 50 mm diameter Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing system. Then, the dynamic peak stresses, dynamic peak strains, energy dissipation characteristics, and fracture patterns of the specimens were analyzed as the cavity depth varied, and the field cutting blasting parameters were optimized accordingly. The results demonstrate significant trends for sandstone specimens with cavity diameters of 10 and 20 mm. As the cavity depth increases, the dynamic peak stress decreases by 17.69 % and 39.05 %, the dynamic peak strain increases by 7.58% and 18.56%, the dissipation energy increases by 22.87% and 45.92%, the dissipation energy density increases by 26.92% and 73.08%, respectively. And the specimens fragmentation size also gradually decreases with the extension of cavity depth. These findings indicate that increasing cutting cavity depth could reduce the rock mass resistance to failure, enhance its deformation capacity and energy utilization efficiency, and improve its fragmentation effects. When the cavity diameter is 20 mm, the dynamic mechanical properties and energy dissipation characteristics of the specimens change at a faster rate with the increase of cavity depth, and the fragmentation size is smaller. This indicates that increasing the cutting cavity diameter is also beneficial for rock breaking. The cutting blasting technique with inner-hole and outer-hole composite delays is adopted, which can increase the cavity depth and diameter to provide sufficient free surfaces for subsequent blasting process. This optimization achieved remarkable filed performance that increasing the cycle advance and hole utilization rate of the full-section blasting into 5.0 m and 96.1%, and ensuring uniform and reasonable rock fragmentation degree. The research findings not only effectively reveal the influences of cutting cavity depth on the full-section rock breaking effects, but also provide theoretical supports and practical references for the design optimization of actual cutting blasting projects.
- cutting blasting /
- cutting cavity depth /
- SHPB experiments /
- rock breaking properties /
- field tests

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图 1 地下掘进断面简化模型

Figure 1. Simplified model of underground driving section

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图 2 含空腔岩石试件示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of rock specimen containing cavity

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图 3 砂岩试件实物图

Figure 3. Physical image of sandstone specimens

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图 4 SHPB试验系统

Figure 4. SHPB testing system

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图 5 应力平衡曲线

Figure 5. Stress equilibrium curves

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图 6 砂岩试件的应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of sandstone specimens

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图 7 典型砂岩试件破坏历程

Figure 7. Fracture process of typical sandstone specimen

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图 8 动态峰值应力随空腔深度的变化

Figure 8. Variation of dynamic peak stress with cavity depth

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图 9 动态峰值应变随空腔深度的变化

Figure 9. Variation of dynamic peak strain with cavity depth

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图 10 耗散能随空腔深度的变化

Figure 10. Variation of dissipated energy with cavity depth

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图 11 耗散能密度随空腔深度的变化

Figure 11. Variation of dissipated energy density with cavity depth

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图 12 完整砂岩试件破坏形态

Figure 12. Fracture pattern of an intact sandstone specimen

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图 13 含空腔砂岩试件破坏形态

Figure 13. Fracture pattern of sandstone specimen containing cavity

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图 14 部分试件底部破坏形态

Figure 14. Fracture situation at the bottom of partially specimens

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图 15 部分作用机理示意图

Figure 15. Diagram of cavity action mechanisms

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图 16 空腔深度小于试件高度示意图

Figure 16. Diagram of cavity depth less than specimen height

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图 17 掏槽爆破方案设计示意图

Figure 17. Diagrams of cutting blasting scheme designs

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表 1 砂岩试件几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of sandstone specimens

试件编号	试件直径/mm	试件高度/mm	空腔直径/mm	空腔深度/mm
1	50	45	0	0
2	50	45	10	15
3	50	45	10	30
4	50	45	10	45
5	50	45	20	15
6	50	45	20	30
7	50	45	20	45

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表 2 静态物理力学参数

Table 2. Static physical and mechanical parameters

密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/ GPa	泊松比	抗压强度/ MPa	抗拉强度/ MPa
2690	24.6	0.23	61.4	5.2

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表 3 砂岩试件冲击压缩试验结果

Table 3. Impact compression testing results of sandstone specimens

试件编号	d/mm	D/mm	σ_cd/MPa	ε_d/10⁻³	W_s/J	ξ/(J·cm⁻³)
1	0	0	92.7	10.02	22.82	0.26
2	10	15	90.4	10.11	24.39	0.28
3	10	30	84.4	10.30	27.15	0.32
4	10	45	76.3	10.78	28.04	0.33
5	20	15	75.3	10.15	28.60	0.34
6	20	30	66.1	10.75	31.39	0.40
7	20	45	56.5	11.88	33.30	0.45

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表 4 槽腔成型特征及全断面爆破效果数据统计

Table 4. Statistics of cutting cavity forming effects and full section blasting effects

掏槽方案编号	槽腔深度/ m	槽腔直径/ m	循环进尺/ m	炮孔利用率/%	破碎块度/ m
1	4.0	1.9	3.9	75.0	0.4～1.2
2	5.3	2.0	4.5	86.5	0.3～0.8
3	5.3	3.7	5.0	96.1	0.2～0.5

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