接触爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板细观数值模拟及应力波的传播机理

吴平; 马崇亮; 许弘霖; 周晓光

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0313

接触爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板细观数值模拟及应力波的传播机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0313

吴平¹,
马崇亮¹,
许弘霖²,
周晓光^{3, 4}

1.
宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院，宁夏银川 750021
2.
龙岩学院资源工程学院，福建龙岩 364012
3.
江汉大学精细爆破全国重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056
4.
江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056

详细信息

作者简介:
吴　平

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-15

Mesoscopic numerical simulation and stress wave propagation mechanism of reinforced concrete slabs under contact explosion loading

1.
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2.
School of Resource Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, Fujian, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
4.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 传统均质化模型难以准确描述混凝土中骨料分布、骨料粒径和钢筋配置对应力波传播路径及能量耗散机制的细观影响，限制了对钢筋混凝土靶板抗爆破坏机理的深入理解。针对这一问题，联合MATLAB与LS-DYNA建立了包含钢筋、骨料和基体的钢筋混凝土靶板三维细观有限元模型，并通过接触爆炸试验对模型进行了对比验证，结果表明该模型可以较准确地预测钢筋混凝土板在接触爆炸荷载作用下的破坏模式和开坑尺寸。在此基础上，通过细观数值模拟参数分析，研究了骨料（分布模式、粒径）和钢筋布置对钢筋混凝土抗爆性能及应力波传播的影响。对于骨料参数，骨料的粒径分布特征和粒径大小确定了应力波的演化规律及能量耗散特征，进而影响混凝土迎爆面开坑和背爆面层裂坑的几何尺寸。当骨料粒径沿迎爆面至背爆面方向呈递减分布时，可有效抑制迎爆面开坑扩展及背爆面层裂发展，呈递增分布则会加剧表面开坑和内部层裂损伤。粒径方面，小粒径骨料靶板背爆面层裂坑呈现浅而广特征，大粒径骨料靶板则表现为深而小形态。相较于骨料，钢筋对靶板整体破坏模式及应力波传播的影响弱，低配筋率下钢筋几乎不影响压应力峰值的动态传递过程，而在高爆炸荷载下钢筋抑制了靶板的碎裂进程并缓解了弯曲破坏，提升了靶板的结构完整性和抗毁伤能力。
- 钢筋混凝土 /
- 细观数值模拟 /
- 接触爆炸 /
- 参数分析 /
- 应力波传播
Abstract: Traditional homogenization models have difficulty accurately capturing the mesoscale effects of aggregate distribution, aggregate particle size, and reinforcement configuration on stress-wave propagation paths and energy-dissipation mechanisms in concrete, thereby limiting an in-depth understanding of the blast-induced failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete slabs. To address this issue, a three-dimensional mesoscale finite element model of reinforced concrete slabs incorporating reinforcement, aggregates, and mortar matrix was established through the combined use of MATLAB and LS-DYNA. The aggregates were modeled according to actual aggregate gradation characteristics, the reinforcing bars were accurately arranged based on practical engineering layout parameters, and appropriate contact algorithms were adopted among the matrix, aggregates, and reinforcing bars to simulate interfacial effects. The model was validated against contact explosion tests, and the results show that it can predict the failure modes and crater dimensions of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion loads with reasonable accuracy. On this basis, the effects of aggregate characteristics, including distribution pattern and particle size, and reinforcement arrangement on the blast resistance and stress-wave propagation behavior of reinforced concrete were investigated through parametric mesoscale numerical simulations. Regarding the aggregate parameters, the particle-size distribution pattern and aggregate size govern the evolution of stress waves and energy-dissipation characteristics, thereby affecting the geometric dimensions of the craters on the top surface and the spalling craters on the bottom surface of the concrete slab. When the aggregate particle size decreases from the top surface to the bottom surface, the expansion of the top-surface crater and the development of bottom-surface spalling can be effectively suppressed; in contrast, an increasing particle-size distribution aggravates surface cratering and internal spalling damage. In terms of aggregate size, the bottom-surface spalling craters of slabs containing small aggregates exhibit shallow and wide characteristics, whereas those containing large aggregates exhibit deep and narrow morphologies. Compared with aggregates, reinforcing bars exert a weaker influence on the overall failure mode and stress-wave propagation behavior of the slab. At a low reinforcement ratio, the reinforcing bars have little effect on the dynamic transmission of compressive stress peaks, whereas under high explosion loads, they suppress slab fragmentation, mitigate flexural damage, and improve the structural integrity and damage resistance of the slab.
- reinforced concrete /
- mesoscopic numerical simulation /
- contact explosion /
- parametric analysis /
- stress wave propagation.

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图 1 靶板尺寸及钢筋布置

Figure 1. Dimensions and reinforcement arrangement of the slab

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图 2 炸药形状

Figure 2. Explosive shape

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图 3 爆炸现场

Figure 3. Blast scene

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图 4 骨料建模原理图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of aggregate modeling

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图 5 钢筋混凝土板细观模型图

Figure 5. Mesoscopic model of the reinforced concrete slab

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图 6 钢筋混凝土板抗爆有限元模型

Figure 6. Blast-resistant finite element model of the reinforced concrete slab

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图 7 不同厚度钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸试验与模拟结果^[46]

Figure 7. Experimental and simulation results of contact explosion on reinforced concrete slabs with different thicknesses^[46]

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图 8 骨料随机分析结果

Figure 8. Results of aggregate random analysis

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图 9 砂浆基体损伤随时间变化云图

Figure 9. Contour plots of damage evolution in mortar matrix with time

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图 10 钢筋轴向应力随时间变化云图

Figure 10. Contour plots of axial stress evolution in rebar with time

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图 11 骨料损伤随时间变化云图

Figure 11. Contour plots of damage evolution in aggregate with time

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图 12 均质模型与细观模型混凝土靶内的应力波传播及骨料损伤对比

Figure 12. Stress wave propagation obtained by the homogeneous model and mesoscopic models, respectively, and aggregate damage in the concrete slab

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图 13 不同骨料分布和粒径的靶板有限元模型

Figure 13. Finite element models for slabs with different aggregate distributions and particle sizes

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图 14 接触爆炸下混凝土损伤范围的测量

Figure 14. Measurement of concrete damage range under contact blast

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图 15 测试靶板迎爆面损伤分布

Figure 15. Damage distributions on the top surfaces of the test slabs

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图 16 测试靶板背爆面损伤分布

Figure 16. Damage distributions on the bottom surfaces of the test slabs

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图 17 测试靶板剖面损伤情况

Figure 17. Damage of the cross-sections of the test slabs

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图 18 测试靶板应力波传播形态

Figure 18. Stress wave propagation morphology of test slabs

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图 19 测试靶板垂直方向压应力幅值与应力波传播

Figure 19. Stress wave propagation and amplitude of vertical compressive stress of the test slab

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图 20 测试靶板背爆面中心点等效应力

Figure 20. Equivalent stress at the center point on the bottom surface of the test slab

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图 21 不同配筋率下靶板中钢筋的布置

Figure 21. Rebar layout of slabs at different reinforcement ratios

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图 22 不同钢筋配置下板内应力传播及钢筋应力分布

Figure 22. Stress propagation in the slab and stress distribution of reinforcement under different reinforcement configurations

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图 23 不同钢筋配置下板内垂直方向压应力幅值

Figure 23. Amplitude of vertical compressive stress in the slab under different reinforcement configurations

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图 24 不同炸药量下靶板损伤及钢筋轴向应力变化

Figure 24. Slab damage and axial stress variation of reinforcing steel bars under different explosive charges

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图 25 钢筋内能时程曲线

Figure 25. Time history curves of rebar internal energy

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表 1 混凝土基本力学性能

Table 1. Basic mechanical properties of concrete

材料	抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	抗弯强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	最大塑性应变	密度/(kg·m⁻³)
C45	43	3.9	6.36	26	0.20	0.00015	2500

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表 2 试验工况

Table 2. Test conditions

试验编号	靶板编号	TNT质量/g	炸药高度/mm	炸药直径/mm
1	RC-8-1	30	15	39
2	RC-10-1	50	27	39

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表 3 钢筋材料模型参数^[43]

Table 3. Model parameters of reinforcement^[43]

材料	密度/ (kg∙m⁻³)	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	屈服强度/ MPa	切线模量/ GPa
钢筋	7850	206	0.3	300	2.06

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表 4 骨料材料模型参数^[43]

Table 4. Material model parameters of aggregate^[44]

$ \rho $₀/(g∙cm⁻³)	G/GPa	A	B	C	N	f_c/MPa	f_t,max/MPa	ε₀/s⁻¹	E_{f, min}
2.3	10	0.55	1.23	0.0097	0.98	60	4	1	0.01

S_max	p_crush/MPa	μ_crush	p_lock/GPa	μ_lock	D₁	D₂	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa
20	20	0.00125	2	0.174	0.04	1.0	39	−223	550

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表 5 炸药材料模型状态方程参数^[45]

Table 5. Material model parameters of explosive

A_e/GPa	B_e/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
3.74	3.25	4.10	0.95	0.35

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表 6 接触爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土靶板试验结果与模拟结果对比

Table 6. Comparison between experimental and simulation results of reinforced concrete slab under contact blast load

靶板编号	迎爆面开坑面积/cm²		误差/%	迎爆面开坑深度/mm		误差/%	背爆面层裂坑面积/cm²		误差/%	背爆面层裂深坑度/mm		误差/%	破坏模式
靶板编号	试验	模拟	误差/%	试验	模拟	误差/%	试验	模拟	误差/%	试验	模拟	误差/%	试验	模拟
RC-80-1	165.9	102.6	−38.1	32.52	24	−26.1	423.9	385.3	−8.7	40.31	36	−10.6	震塌	震塌
RC-100-1	151.7	208.5	37.4	31.34	32	2.1	714.1	569.5	−20	47.03	44	−6.4	震塌	震塌

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表 7 靶板骨料分布参数

Table 7. Aggregate distribution parameters of target plate

靶板编号	靶板尺寸/mm	骨料分布	骨料级配	骨料粒径/mm
MA-1	700×700×100	从迎爆面到背爆面方向递增	连续级配	4～40
MA-2	700×700×100	从迎爆面到背爆面方向递减	连续级配	4～40
MB-1	700×700×100	随机分布	单粒径级配	12
MB-2	700×700×100	随机分布	单粒径级配	24
MB-3	700×700×100	随机分布	单粒径级配	32

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表 8 不同骨料分布与粒径测试靶板结果

Table 8. Results of test slab with different aggregate distributions and particle sizes

靶板编号	开坑面积/ cm²	层裂坑面积/cm²	开坑深度/ mm	层裂坑深度/ mm
MA-1	238.53	609.76	24	36
MA-2	212.55	585.44	16	12
MB-1	227.5	629.42	20	8.9
MB-2	240.74	624.91	16.5	12
MB-3	241.22	606.80	16	36

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