Inverse evaluation of explosion yield in accident scenarios based on audio-video information fusion
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摘要: 为快速获取事故爆炸当量，提出了一种基于爆炸音视频信息的事故爆炸当量反演方法，通过分析爆炸出现火光至波到达的时间差实现对爆炸威力的定量评估。基于Hopkinson-Cranz比例定律、Rankine-Hugoniot方程及自由场与近地超压模型，引入冲击波衰减至声波阶段的临界比例距离参数，构建了基于双波走时的当量反演理论模型。通过开展近地与空中爆炸试验，验证了所建模型的有效性与适用性，并分析了爆炸高度、帧率和取帧方式对于模型当量预测精度的影响。结果表明：近地爆炸工况下地面反射效应会显著提高爆炸波传播速度，与传统的经验公式及结合声波走时的改进公式相比，本文提出的双波理论模型充分考虑了冲击波与声波的传播特性差异及近地爆炸中的地面反射效应，在爆炸高度、帧率、取帧方式等多因素的影响下表现出更好的稳定性和更优的预测精度。Abstract: To rapidly obtain the explosion power of incident, a non-contact inversion methodology that leverages fused audio-video data to estimate explosion power is presented by analyzing the temporal lag between the optical flash and the arrival of the blast wave. Based on the Hopkinson-Cranz proportionality law, the Rankine-Hugoniot equation, and the free-field and near-ground overpressure models, the critical proportion distance parameter during the attenuation of the shock wave to the sound wave stage is introduced, and a theoretical model for yield inversion based on the travel time of the two waves is constructed. Through near-ground and air explosion experiments, the validity and applicability of the established model are verified, and the influences of explosion height, frame rate, and frame extraction method on the model’s prediction accuracy are analyzed. The results show that in the near-ground explosion condition, the ground reflection effect significantly increases the propagation speed of the explosion wave. Compared with the empirical formula based on the travel time of the shock wave and the improved formula combining the travel time of the sound wave, the dual-wave theoretical model proposed in this paper significantly considers the differences in the propagation characteristics of the shock wave and the sound wave and the ground reflection effect in near-ground explosions. Under the influence of multiple factors such as explosion height, frame rate, and frame extraction method, it shows better stability and superior prediction accuracy.
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图 1 爆炸波波速$ {D}_{\text{a}} $与比例距离Z关系的示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the relationship between explosion wave velocity ($ {D}_{\text{a}} $) and proportional distance (Z)
图 2 空中爆炸工况超压与声压级随比例距离的变化
Figure 2. Variation of overpressure and sound pressure level with scaled distance in airburst explosions
图 3 近地爆炸工况超压与声压级随比例距离的变化
Figure 3. The variation of overpressure and sound pressure level with scaled distance in near-ground explosions
图 4 空中爆炸工况声速与波速比值随比例距离的变化
Figure 4. The variation of the ratio of sound speed to wave speed in the air explosion condition with the proportional distance
图 5 近地爆炸工况声速与波速比值随比例距离的变化
Figure 5. The variation of the ratio of sound speed to wave speed in the near-ground explosion condition with the proportional distance
图 7 爆炸过程音视频示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of audio and video during the explosion process
图 8 爆炸波传播时间随传播距离变化规律
Figure 8. The variation law of explosion wave propagation time with propagation distance
图 9 空中爆炸模型当量预测值与实际值对比
Figure 9. Comparison between model yield prediction and actual value under air explosion conditions
图 10 近地爆炸模型当量预测值与实际值对比
Figure 10. Comparison between model yield prediction and actual value under near-ground explosion conditions
图 12 近地爆炸模型当量预测值与实际值对比
Figure 12. Comparison of relative errors of near-ground explosions
图 13 空中爆炸与近地爆炸下当量预测值对比图
Figure 13. Comparison of predicted yield values for air and near-ground explosions
图 14 近地爆炸与空中爆炸当量预测值之比分布图
Figure 14. Distribution of the ratio of predicted values of near-ground explosion to air explosion yield
图 16 经验公式不同取帧方式下的预测当量值
Figure 16. Predicted yield values of the empirical formula under different frame acquisition methods
图 17 双波改进公式不同取帧方式下的预测当量值
Figure 17. Predicted yield values of the dual-wave improved formula under different frame acquisition methods
图 18 双波理论模型不同取帧方式下的预测当量值
Figure 18. Predicted yield values of the dual-wave theory model under different frame acquisition methods
图 19 双波经验公式不同帧率下的预测当量值与相对误差
Figure 19. Prediction yield value and relative error of the empirical formula at different frame rates
图 20 双波改进公式不同帧率下的预测当量值与相对误差
Figure 20. Prediction yield value and relative error of the dual-wave improved formula at different frame rates
图 21 双波理论模型不同帧率下的预测当量值与相对误差
Figure 21. Prediction yield value and relative error of the dual-wave theory model at different frame rates
表 1 空中爆炸超压模型
Table 1. Airburst overpressure model
模型 计算公式 Sadovskyi模型[11] $ \Delta p=\begin{cases} \dfrac{1.074}{{Z}^{3}}-0.1 & Z{{≤}} 1\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}\\\dfrac{0.076}{Z}+\dfrac{0.255}{{Z}^{2}}+\dfrac{0.65}{{Z}^{3}} & 1\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}{{≤}} Z{{≤}} 15\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}\end{cases} $ Baker模型[9] $ \Delta p=\begin{cases} \dfrac{2.006}{Z}+\dfrac{0.194}{{Z}^{2}}-\dfrac{0.004}{{Z}^{3}}, & 0.05\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}{{≤}} Z{{≤}} 0.5\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}\\\dfrac{0.067}{Z}+\dfrac{0.301}{{Z}^{2}}+\dfrac{0.431}{{Z}^{3}}, & 0.5\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}{{≤}} Z{{≤}} 70.9\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}\end{cases} $ Mills模型[12] $ \Delta p=\dfrac{0.108}{Z}-\dfrac{0.114}{{Z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1.772}{{Z}^{3}} $ 
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表 2 近地爆炸超压模型
Table 2. Near-ground explosion overpressure model
模型/公式 计算公式 Ye 模型[32] $ \Delta {p}_{\text{G}}=\dfrac{0.104}{Z}+\dfrac{0.442}{{Z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1.373}{{Z}^{3}}1\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}{{≤}} Z{{≤}} 10\sim 15\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3} $ GB 6722-2014[33] $ \Delta {p}_{\text{G}}=\dfrac{0.106}{Z}+\dfrac{0.43}{{Z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1.4}{{Z}^{3}}1\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3}{{≤}} Z{{≤}} 10\sim 15\;{\text{m/kg}}^{1/3} $ Xiao模型[24] $\begin{array}{c} \Delta {p}_{\text{G}}=2\Delta {p}_{\max }+\dfrac{\left(\gamma +1\right)\Delta p_{\max }^{2}}{\left(\gamma -1\right)\Delta {p}_{\max }+2\gamma {p}_{0}} ，\\ \Delta {p}_{\max }=808{p}_{0}\left[1+{\left(\dfrac{Z}{4.5}\right)}^{2}\right]\left/\sqrt{\left[1+{\left(\dfrac{Z}{0.048}\right)}^{2}\right]\times \sqrt{\left[1+{\left(\dfrac{Z}{0.32}\right)}^{2}\right]}}\times \sqrt{\left[1+{\left(\dfrac{Z}{1.35}\right)}^{2}\right]} \right.\end{array}$ 注：表中$ \Delta{p}_{G} $为地面反射冲击波峰值超压，$ \Delta{p}_{\max } $为相同爆距条件下自由场入射冲击波峰值超压。
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表 3 近地爆炸与空中爆炸预测当量比平均值
Table 3. Average value of predicted yield ratio between near-ground explosion and air explosion
模型 K 经验公式 1.157 双波改进公式 1.818 双波理论模型 1.038
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