摘要:
为探讨纳米铝热剂在混合生物质爆破剂体系中替代雷管实现稳定起爆的可行性及其与雷管起爆效果的差异性，以木粉与花生壳粉(1 : 1)混合生物质为核心原料，选取数码电子雷管(S0)、Al/CuO铝热剂(S1)、Al/Bi2O3铝热剂(S2)三种起爆方式，并采用传统的工业炸药性能测试方法，开展铝热剂试爆、爆速和猛度的正交试验、水下爆炸以及爆破漏斗试验探究其爆炸性能规律。铝热剂试爆试验证实，铝热剂起爆属于典型的高温爆燃型能量释放过程，反应区延长但能量密度高，可在有限约束内实现有效能量耦合，从而诱发生物质爆破剂的整体爆炸反应，具备可靠起爆能力。爆速和猛度正交试验显示，氧气压力是影响爆速与猛度的主导因素，钢管壁厚次之，起爆方式影响较弱，通过提升氧气压力和优化约束条件，可实现生物质爆破剂爆速与猛度的协同增强，从而获得更优的爆炸性能组合。水下爆炸试验显示，S0的冲击波峰值压力、冲量和比冲击能均高于S1和S2起爆，且S2体系较S1体系表现出更优的能量释放与冲击作用。爆破漏斗试验得出，S0起爆形成的爆坑体积(0.33m3)最大，S2起爆(0.24m3)次之，S1起爆(0.21m3)最小。三种起爆方式均能成功起爆混合生物质爆破剂，起爆效果排序为数码电子雷管(S0)＞Al/Bi2O3铝热剂(S2)＞Al/CuO铝热剂(S1)，研究可为生物质爆破技术的优化与应用提供试验支撑。
Abstract:
To explore the feasibility of replacing detonators with nano-aluminothermic agents in mixed biomass blasting agent systems for stable initiation and their differences in detonation performance, wood powder and peanut shell powder (1:1) were used as the core raw materials. Three initiation methods were selected: digital electronic detonators (S0), Al/CuO aluminothermic agent (S1), and Al/Bi2O3 aluminothermic agent (S2). Traditional industrial explosive performance testing methods were employed to conduct orthogonal tests on aluminothermic agent trial detonations, explosion velocity, and brisance, as well as underwater explosion and blasting crater tests to investigate their explosive performance patterns. The trial detonation tests confirmed that aluminothermic agent initiation is a typical high-temperature deflagration energy release process, featuring an extended reaction zone but high energy density, enabling effective energy coupling within limited constraints to trigger the overall explosive reaction of the biomass blasting agent, thus demonstrating reliable initiation capability. Orthogonal tests on explosion velocity and brisance revealed that oxygen pressure is the dominant factor influencing both parameters, followed by steel pipe wall thickness, while the initiation method has a relatively weaker effect. By increasing oxygen pressure and optimizing confinement conditions, synergistic enhancement of explosion velocity and brisance in biomass blasting agents can be achieved, resulting in superior explosive performance combinations. Underwater explosion tests showed that S0 exhibits higher peak pressure, impulse, and specific shock energy than S1 and S2 initiation methods, with the S2 system demonstrating better energy release and impact effects compared to the S1 system. Blasting crater tests indicated that the largest crater volume (0.33m3) was formed by S0 initiation, followed by S2 initiation (0.24m3), and the smallest by S1 initiation (0.21m3). All three initiation methods successfully detonated the mixed biomass blasting agent, with the initiation performance ranking as follows: digital electronic detonator (S0) > Al/Bi2O3 aluminothermic agent (S2) > Al/CuO aluminothermic agent (S1). This study provides experimental support for the optimization and application of biomass blasting technology.
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