基于雷管与铝热剂起爆的混合生物质爆破剂爆炸特性分析

杨光; 徐颖; 何泽; 杨荣周; 李成杰; 王晓

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0336

基于雷管与铝热剂起爆的混合生物质爆破剂爆炸特性分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0336

杨光^1,,
徐颖^2, ,,
何泽³,
杨荣周²,
李成杰²,
王晓¹

1.
安徽理工大学煤炭无人化开采数智技术全国重点实验室，安徽淮南 232001
2.
安徽理工大学土木建筑学院，安徽淮南 232001
3.
中国科学技术大学爆炸冲击与防护研究所，安徽合肥 230000

基金项目: 安徽省高等学校自然科学研究重点项目（2023AH051167）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　光（1998－　），男，博士研究生，1596676492@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐　颖（1965－　），男，博士，二级教授，yxu@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; TD235; TD824.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-10
- 修回日期: 2025-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-23

Analysis of explosion characteristics of mixed biomass explosive initiated by detonator and aluminum thermite detonation

1.
State Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent Technology for Unmanned Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
Institute of Explosive Shock and Protection, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨纳米铝热剂替代雷管起爆混合生物质爆破剂的可行性和差异性，选取数码电子雷管（S0）、Al/CuO铝热剂（S1）和Al/Bi₂O₃铝热剂（S2）分别起爆木粉与花生壳粉（质量比为1∶1）混合生物质爆破剂，并基于理论分析及工业炸药性能测试方法探究其爆炸性能规律。结果表明：雷管与铝热剂分属两个完全不同的能量释放功率等级体系，雷管可实现MW量级的瞬时功率输出，而铝热剂仅为kW量级；铝热剂起爆属于典型的高温爆燃型能量释放过程，能量密度高，可在有限约束内实现有效能量耦合，具备可靠的起爆能力；氧气压力是影响爆速与猛度的主导因素，钢管壁厚次之，起爆方式影响较弱，起爆方式具备可替代性，提升氧气压力和优化约束条件，可实现爆速与猛度的协同增强；3种起爆方式的激发效能呈现出一致的排序，即S0最强、S2次之、S1最弱，在冲击波参数与爆坑体积（0.33、0.24和0.21m³）两方面均得到验证。研究可为生物质爆破技术的优化与应用提供实验支撑。
- 生物质 /
- 起爆方式 /
- 纳米铝热剂 /
- 爆炸效应 /
- 水下爆炸 /
- 爆破漏斗
Abstract: To explore the feasibility of nano aluminum thermite as a detonator substitute for achieving stable detonation in mixed biomass blasting agent systems, and to clarify the differences in detonation effects relative to detonators, digital electronic detonators (S0), Al/CuO thermite (S1), and Al/Bi₂O₃ thermite (S2) were selected to detonate a mixed biomass blasting agent composed of wood powder and peanut shell powder (mass ratio 1∶1). Based on theoretical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation were conducted for the total energy release and energy release power of different detonation methods to estimate detonation performance. Industrial explosive performance testing methods-including aluminum thermite detonation test, orthogonal tests of detonation velocity and intensity, underwater explosion tests, and blasting funnel tests-were used to systematically test and compare the detonation response characteristics of the mixed biomass blasting agent under different detonation conditions. The evolutionary laws of the explosive performance were explored from perspectives of impact effect, energy release intensity, and spatial damage effect. Results indicate that detonators and thermites belong to two distinct energy release power level systems: detonators enable instantaneous power output in the MW range, while thermites only reach the kW range. Aluminum thermite detonation is a typical high-temperature explosive energy release process with high energy density, which can achieve effective energy coupling under limited constraints and possesses reliable detonation capability. Oxygen pressure is the dominant factor affecting detonation velocity and intensity, followed by steel pipe wall thickness. The impact of detonation methods is relatively weak, and detonation methods are substitutable. Synergistic enhancement of detonation velocity and intensity can be achieved by increasing oxygen pressure and optimizing constraint conditions. The excitation efficiency of the three detonation methods follows a consistent ranking: S0 is the strongest, S2 ranks second, and S1 is slightly weaker. This ranking has been verified by shock wave parameters and crater volumes (0.33 m³, 0.24 m³, 0.21 m³). This research provides experimental support for the optimization and application of biomass blasting technology.
- biomass /
- detonation method /
- nano-aluminothermic /
- explosive effect /
- underwater explosion /
- blasting funnel

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图 1 研究总体设计图

Figure 1. Overall design of the study

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图 2 铝热剂制备示意图及试爆实物

Figure 2. Schematic of thermite preparation and photograph of the preliminary detonation test

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图 3 爆速和猛度测量示意和实物图

Figure 3. Schematic and physical diagram of explosion velocity and brisance measurement

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图 4 部分实物及整体水下爆炸示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of partial physical objects and overall underwater explosion

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图 5 爆破漏斗实验实物及示意图

Figure 5. Physical and schematic diagram of blasting funnel test

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图 6 铝热剂试爆实验

Figure 6. Aluminum thermite explosion test

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图 7 猛度正交实验结果

Figure 7. Results of brisance orthogonal test

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图 8 冲击波时程曲线

Figure 8. Time-history curve of shock wave

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图 9 爆坑实物图

Figure 9. Physical picture of the explosion pit

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表 1 三因素三水平正交实验表

Table 1. Three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design

水平	因素
水平	起爆方式	氧气压力p/MPa	钢管壁厚M/mm
1	S0	5	1.5
2	S1	7	2.0
3	S2	9	2.5

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表 2 生物质爆破剂9组正交实验

Table 2. Orthogonal experiment of 9 groups of biomass blasting agents

NO.	起爆方式	氧气压力p/MPa	钢管壁厚M/mm
1	S0	5	1.5
2	S0	7	2.0
3	S0	9	2.5
4	S1	5	2.0
5	S1	7	2.5
6	S1	9	1.5
7	S2	5	2.5
8	S2	7	1.5
9	S2	9	2.0

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表 3 起爆源理论能量参数对比

Table 3. Comparison of theoretical energy parameters of explosive sources

起爆方式	总能量释放量Q/kJ	反应持续时间t/s	能量释放功率P/W
S0	5.46	10⁻⁶	5.4600×10⁹
S1	3.02	6.6×10⁻³	4.5758×10⁵
S2	1.95	3.5×10⁻³	5.5714×10⁵

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表 4 爆速及猛度正交实验结果

Table 4. Orthogonal test results of explosion velocity and brisance

NO.	起爆方式	氧气压力p/ MPa	钢管壁厚M/ mm	爆速D/ (m·s⁻¹)	猛度B/ mm
1	S0	5	1.5	2624	14.4
2	S0	7	2.0	2731	16.3
3	S0	9	2.5	2976	17.7
4	S1	5	2.0	2657	15.2
5	S1	7	2.5	2766	16.4
6	S1	9	1.5	2897	16.8
7	S2	5	2.5	2682	15.6
8	S2	7	1.5	2712	16.0
9	S2	9	2.0	2923	17.3

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表 5 爆速及猛度极差分析

Table 5. Range analysis of explosion velocity and brisance

平均类型	爆速D/(m·s⁻¹)			猛度B/mm
平均类型	因素A	因素B	因素C	因素A	因素B	因素C
K₁^v	2777	2654	2744	16.1	15.1	15.7
K₂^v	2773	2736	2770	16.1	16.2	16.3
K₃^v	2772	2932	2808	16.3	17.3	16.6
k₁^v	926	885	915	5.4	5.0	5.2
k₂^v	924	912	923	5.4	5.4	5.4
k₃^v	924	977	936	5.4	5.8	5.5
R_v	2	92	21	0	0.8	0.3

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表 6 水下爆炸各参数计算值

Table 6. Calculated values of various parameters for underwater blasting

起爆方式	P_m/MPa	E_s/(kJ·kg⁻¹)
S0	1.75	1.503
S1	0.91	0.385
S2	1.01	0.474

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表 7 爆破漏斗参数

Table 7. Parameters of blasting funnel

起爆方式	W/cm	r/cm	R/cm	h/cm	H/cm	θ_b/(˚)	n_b	V_b/m³
S0	57	79	87	51	19	116	1.39	0.33
S1	57	65	82	49	13	105	1.14	0.21
S2	57	68	84	49	16	109	1.19	0.24

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