甲烷-空气爆燃驱动的爆炸荷载模拟装置研发I：几何形式与结构设计

李展; 方秦; 刘文渊; 颜海春; 林煜舒; 唐柏鉴

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0342

甲烷-空气爆燃驱动的爆炸荷载模拟装置研发I：几何形式与结构设计

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0342

1.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210000
2.
苏州科技大学土木工程学院，江苏苏州 215000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52278544，52008392）

详细信息

作者简介:
李　展（1990―　），男，副教授，lz.9008@163.com

通讯作者:
方　秦（1962―　），男，教授，fangqinjs@139.com

中图分类号: O382; TU362
计量
- 文章访问数: 349
- HTML全文浏览量: 48
- PDF下载量: 77
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-14
- 修回日期: 2026-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-10

Development of Methane-Air Deflagration-Driven Blast Wave Simulator I: Geometric and Structural Design

1.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
2.
School of civil engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China

摘要

摘要: 如何高效地实现对试件的平面波加载，是爆炸荷载模拟装置设计的核心技术问题之一。为研发安全、经济、可重复使用的爆炸荷载模拟装置，基于现有试验装置、大尺寸激波管试验数据和LS-DYNA软件，建立了装置内爆炸波传播的数值模型，提出了加载面处超压荷载的均匀性的定量评估方法，数值计算分析了扩大段形状、长度及整形段长度等参数对加载面超压荷载分布均匀性的影响；对扩大段和整形段的壁厚、环向加劲肋间距、高度等关键结构参数进行了数值优化，实现了激波管扩大段与整形段几何与结构的优化设计；开展了爆炸荷载模拟装置的验证试验。研究表明：建立的爆炸波传播数值模型能够准确模拟冲击波的演化过程，计算结果与试验数据吻合良好；基于超压峰值和峰值到达时间误差等指标，实现了对加载面超压荷载均匀性的定量评价；在兼顾经济性的前提下，研发的爆炸荷载模拟装置扩大段采用上下对称的形式，长度为3 m，整形段长度可根据实际投入尽可能延长；以多次重复使用为目标，经数值计算确定扩大段和整形段壁厚为30 mm，环向加劲肋高度和间距均为150 mm。设计方案的有效性通过了试验验证，产生的爆炸荷载及结构抗爆性能均符合要求，研发的装置可用于结构构件的抗爆试验。
- 爆炸荷载模拟装置 /
- 扩大段 /
- 整形段 /
- LS-DYNA /
- 结构设计
Abstract: Efficiently achieving plane wave loading on the test specimen is a key technical issue in the design of blast wave simulators. Based on the existing device, testing data of large-scale shock tubes, and LS-DYNA software, numerical models of blast wave propagation in simulators were established. Numerical simulations were conducted to develop a safe, economical, and reusable blast wave simulator. A quantitative method for assessing the uniformity of overpressure load on the loading area was proposed. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the influence of the shape and length of the expansion section and the length of the conditioning section on the uniformity of overpressure load on the loading area. Key structural parameters, including the wall thickness of the expansion and conditioning sections, as well as the spacing and height of the stiffeners, were numerically optimized. Validation tests were conducted on the blast wave simulator. It is found that the established numerical model can accurately reproduce the blast wave propagation, and the prediction results show good agreement with the testing data. Taking the errors of overpressure peak value and arrival time as indicators, the quantitative evaluation of overpressure load uniformity on the loading area is achieved. Considering the balance between technical and economic factors, the developed blast wave simulator is designed with a symmetrically configured expansion section 3 m in length. The length of the conditioning section can be extended as much as the actual investment allows. Based on the numerical results, the wall thickness of both the expansion and conditioning sections is determined to be 30 mm. The height and spacing of the stiffeners are both recommended to be 150 mm. The results of validation tests confirm that the geometric and structural design meets the requirements of blast loads and structural resistance, and the developed simulator is suitable for component-level tests.
- blast wave simulator /
- expansion section /
- conditioning section /
- LS-DYNA /
- structural design

HTML全文

图 1 卧龙岗大学爆炸荷载模拟装置^[7]

Figure 1. Blast wave simulator at the University of Wollongong^[7]

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图 2 长激波管形式中超压传感器布置^[7]

Figure 2. Arrangement of overpressure sensors in a long configuration^[7]

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图 3 典型工况各测点超压时程曲线（376 kPa高压气体驱动）^[7]

Figure 3. Overpressure-time histories of typical test cases driven by 376 kPa compressed gas^[7]

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图 4 爆炸荷载模拟装置内爆炸波传播的数值模型

Figure 4. Numerical model of blast wave propagation inside the blast wave simulator

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图 5 入口边界条件

Figure 5. Boundary conditions of the inlet

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图 6 超压时程曲线的试验数据与数值计算结果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of overpressure-time histories between numerical results and testing data

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图 7 已有大尺寸管道燃气爆炸试验装置与实测爆炸超压时程曲线

Figure 7. Existing experimental device and overpressure loads of the typical case

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图 8 爆炸荷载模拟装置构成及尺寸示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram and dimensions of the blast wave simulator

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图 9 不同类型扩大段形式

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of expansion sections

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图 10 爆炸波传播超压云图

Figure 10. Overpressure contours of blast wave propagation

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图 11 扩大段长度L₁对加载面上荷载分布均匀性的影响

Figure 11. Effect of L₁ on the overpressure load distribution

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图 12 整形段长度L₂对加载面上荷载分布均匀性的影响

Figure 12. Effect of L₂ on the overpressure load distribution

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图 13 爆炸荷载模拟装置抗爆的数值模型

Figure 13. Numerical model for explosion resistance of blast wave simulator

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图 14 爆炸荷载模拟装置

Figure 14. Blast wave simulator developed in this study

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图 15 加载面处测点布置与实测超压时程曲线

Figure 15. Overpressure sensor distribution and recorded overpressure-time histories

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表 1 不同扩大段与整形段组合的计算工况

Table 1. Cases with different expansion sections and shaping sections in numerical simulation

扩大段长度/m	整形段长度/m
扩大段长度/m	1	2	3	4	5	6	8
1	H、I
2	H、I	S	S	S	S
3	H、I	H、I、S	H、I、S	H、I、S	H、I、S	S
4	H、I	H、S	H、S	H、I、S	S	S
5	H、I	H、S	H、S	H、I、S	H、S		H
6	S	S	H、I、S	H、I、S	S

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表 2 底部水平扩大段加载面超压荷载均匀性对比

Table 2. Comparison of overpressure load distribution errors between Horizontal type cases

序号	项目	L₁	L₂	超压误差/%	时间误差/ms	总体误差	总长度/m
1	H64	6	4	3	0.29	0.28	10
2	H58	5	8	8	0.24	0.35	13
3	H54	5	4	7	0.28	0.36	9
4	H35	3	5	6	0.50	0.50	8
5	H63	6	3	19	0.21	0.56	9
6	H44	4	4	14	0.38	0.60	8
7	H53	5	3	26	0.2	0.71	8
8	H52	5	2	32	0.18	0.83	7
9	H43	4	3	36	0.16	0.89	7
10	H34	3	4	29	0.45	0.96	7
11	H42	4	2	40	0.23	1.04	6
12	H21	2	1	26	0.68	1.08	3
13	H31	3	1	30	0.62	1.12	4
14	H33	3	3	46	0.16	1.12	6
15	H51	5	1	42	0.29	1.13	6
16	H41	4	1	38	0.43	1.15	5
17	H32	3	2	45	0.41	1.28	5
18	H11	1	1	33	1.32	1.71	2

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表 3 对称扩大段加载面超压荷载均匀性对比

Table 3. Comparison of overpressure load distribution errors between symmetrical-type cases

序号	项目	L₁	L₂	超压误差/%	时间误差/ms	总体误差	总长度/m
1	S36	3	6	0.61	0.04	0.137	9
2	S34	3	4	1.40	0.07	0.266	7
3	S44	4	4	2.81	0.06	0.360	8
4	S52	5	2	1.64	0.11	0.373	7
5	S35	3	5	4.38	0.02	0.401	8
6	S46	4	6	3.98	0.05	0.433	10
7	S54	5	4	4.33	0.06	0.484	9
8	S45	4	5	5.91	0.04	0.569	9
9	S55	5	5	6.61	0.04	0.626	10
10	S42	4	2	3.54	0.16	0.637	6
11	S25	2	5	4.95	0.13	0.686	7
12	S33	3	3	6.93	0.11	0.804	6
13	S32	3	2	8.32	0.09	0.874	5
14	S43	4	3	11.04	0.02	0.944	7
15	S53	5	3	12.26	0.02	1.043	8
16	S24	2	4	11.08	0.10	1.121	6
17	S23	2	3	5.33	0.39	1.283	5
18	S22	2	2	10.03	0.46	1.818	4

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表 4 底部倾斜不对称布置扩大段加载面超压荷载均匀性对比

Table 4. Comparison of overpressure load distribution errors between inclined and asymmetric types

序号	项目	L₁	L₂	超压误差/%	时间误差/ms	总体误差	总长度/m
1	I64	6	4	2	0.19	0.24	10
2	I54	5	4	4	0.23	0.35	9
3	I35	3	5	3	0.33	0.41	8
4	I44	4	4	9	0.28	0.52	8
5	I63	6	3	14	0.14	0.55	9
6	I34	3	4	17	0.28	0.77	7
7	I33	3	3	27	0.07	0.89	6
8	I21	2	1	15	0.53	0.94	3
9	I31	3	1	19	0.47	1.02	4
10	I41	4	1	28	0.33	1.16	5
11	I51	5	1	33	0.19	1.18	6
12	I32	3	2	29	0.35	1.21	5
13	I11	1	1	19	1.06	1.57	2

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表 5 各工况下结构最大应力对比

Table 5. Comparison of maximum stress

序号	加劲肋高度/mm	荷载峰值/kPa	最大应力/MPa	与屈服强度占比/%
1	100	175	72	20
2	100	260	106	30
3	100	300	121	34
4	100	400	161	45
5	100	500	201	57
6	100	600	240	68
7	100	715	284	80
8	100	800	317	89
9	150	320	72	20
10	150	470	106	30
11	150	600	136	38
12	150	800	170	48
13	150	1000	211	59
14	150	1200	254	72
15	150	1350	284	80
16	150	1500	315	89

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