Experimental study on damage effects of RC frame structureswith masonry walls under explosion loads
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摘要: 钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete, RC）框架结构是大量政治经济活动的载体，然而全球爆炸袭击与公共安全事故频发，国际形势复杂多变，使得RC框架结构成为重要的打击与防护目标。为探究多次爆炸作用下RC框架结构的毁伤效应，设计并建造了一栋两层含填充墙的原型RC框架结构，分别开展了等效TNT当量为11.573和20 kg的4发结构外爆炸和内爆炸试验，考察了不同位置和当量炸药爆炸作用下的冲击波载荷特征以及单个构件、房间和整体结构的动态响应和破坏模式。结果表明：近距离外爆炸作用下，楼板和填充墙可以有效衰减传播至房间内部的冲击波载荷，峰值超压降幅约84.75%。楼板和填充墙呈局部冲切破坏，房间内部构件和整体结构损伤相对较小；内爆炸作用下，楼板和填充墙呈整体冲切破坏，毁伤等级高于框架柱和梁。除冲击波载荷外，爆源房间墙板碎片的抛掷碰撞是造成沿冲击波传播方向填充墙和楼板损伤破坏的关键毁伤元。最后，基于建筑结构毁伤评估准则，对每发试验后单个构件、房间及整体结构的毁伤等级进行确定，得出内爆炸作用下建筑结构的毁伤等级和范围高于外爆炸工况。Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are the most widely adopted structural form in civil infrastructure, government facilities, commercial buildings and critical public premises, undertaking irreplaceable roles in normal political and economic operations. However, with the growing frequency of terrorist explosion attacks, accidental industrial and gas explosion incidents, alongside the complex and volatile global security environment, RC frame structures have become both high-priority attack targets and the critical line of defense for personnel protection. To investigate the damage effects of multiple explosion scenarios on RC frame structures, a full-scale two-story RC frame structure with infill masonry walls, designed in line with current building design codes, was constructed. A series of field explosion tests, including external and internal explosion scenarios with TNT equivalents of 11.573 kg and 20 kg, were conducted on this structure. The load characteristics of shock waves, dynamic response and failure modes of structural components were examined. The results show that under close-range external explosion, the floor slabs and masonry walls can attenuate the shock wave loads propagated into the adjacent room, with a peak overpressure reduction of 84.75%. The floor slabs and masonry walls exhibit local shear failure, while the damage to the internal components and the global structure remains limited. In contrast, under internal explosion, the floor slabs and masonry walls show global shear failure, with more severe damage compared to the RC columns and beams. In addition to the shock wave loading, the explosive ejection of wall and slab fragments from the detonation room is the primary cause of damage to the masonry walls and slabs along the shock wave propagation path. Finally, based on damage assessment criteria, the damage levels of components, rooms, and the RC structure for each test were determined. The damage severity and affected range of the RC structure under internal explosion are significantly greater than those under external explosion with the same equivalent.
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Key words:
- explosion tests /
- protype RC frame /
- dynamic response /
- failure mode /
- damage assessment
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图 1 含填充墙原型RC框架结构（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Protype RC frame structure with masonry infill walls (unit: mm)
图 3 RC框架各构件尺寸及配筋（单位：mm）
Figure 3. Dimensions and reinforcements of structural components (unit: mm)
图 5 试验中装药和测点布置（单位：mm）
Figure 5. Layout of charge and overpressure transducers in tests (unit: mm)
图 21 构件和房间的毁伤等级（试验1）
Figure 21. Damage levels of structural components and rooms (Test 1)
图 22 构件和房间的毁伤等级（试验2）
Figure 22. Damage levels of structural components and rooms (Test 2)
图 23 构件和房间的毁伤等级（试验3）
Figure 23. Damage levels of structural components and rooms (Test 3)
图 24 构件和房间的毁伤等级（试验4）
Figure 24. Damage levels of structural components and rooms (Test 4)
构件 毁伤等级 判别标准 柱 轻度 挠跨比小于0.9%；构件无明显变形，有不贯通裂缝，少量混凝土保护层剥落，构件满足正常承载要求，可以正常使用 中度 挠跨比大于0.9%且小于2.6%；构件有轻微变形，有少量贯通裂缝，局部混凝土压碎崩落，钢筋外露，无法满足承载要求，经过修复后还可以继续投入使用 重度 挠跨比大于2.6%；构件有明显变形，混凝土大量崩落，部分钢筋屈服或断裂，失去承载能力，无法修复 梁 轻度 挠跨比小于1.7%；构件无明显变形，有不贯通裂缝，少量混凝土保护层剥落，构件满足正常承载要求，可以正常使用 中度 挠跨比大于1.7%且小于5.3%；构件有轻微变形，有少量贯通裂缝，局部混凝土压碎崩落，钢筋外露，无法满足承载要求，经过修复后还可以继续投入使用 重度 挠跨比大于5.3%；构件有明显变形，混凝土大量崩落，部分钢筋屈服或断裂，失去承载能力，无法修复 板 轻度 挠跨比小于1.7%/β（β为支座约束系数）；构件无明显变形，有不贯通裂缝，少量混凝土保护层剥落，可以正常使用 中度 挠跨比大于1.7%/β且小于5.3%/β；构件有轻微变形，有少贯量通裂缝，局部混凝土压碎崩落，钢筋外露，混凝土崩落面积小于20%，经过修复后还可以继续投入使用 重度 挠跨比大于5.3%/β；构件有明显变形，混凝土大量崩落，混凝土崩落面积大于20%，大量钢筋屈服或断裂，失去承载能力，无法修复 墙 轻度 墙体有微小位移；墙体出现裂纹或变形 中度 墙体中部有明显位移，与构造柱分离；墙体开裂，出现贯穿裂缝 重度 墙体大部分或整体倒塌 
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毁伤
等级判别标准 完好 没有楼板或墙发生轻度破坏，没有柱构件轻度及以上破坏 轻度 1块楼板或1面墙发生轻度破坏 中度 1块楼板或1面墙中度及以上破坏，1个柱构件轻度及以上破坏 重度 2块楼板或2面墙中度及以上破坏，1个柱构件中度及以上破坏
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