激波与油气爆炸耦合作用下浅埋混凝土油库的破坏损伤模式

宋鹏; 邱艳宇; 徐观淦; 胡玉凤; 毛相铮; 邢化岛; 解立峰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0018

激波与油气爆炸耦合作用下浅埋混凝土油库的破坏损伤模式

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0018

1.
南京理工大学，江苏南京 210094
2.
陆军工程大学，江苏南京 210042

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3100700）；国家自然科学基金（12202202）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋　鹏（1998－　），男，硕士，124103022527@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
邢化岛（1990－　），男，博士，副教授，xinghuadao2000@163.com

中图分类号: O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 59
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 26
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-14
- 修回日期: 2026-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-29

Failure and damage modes of shallow-buried RC oil depots subjected to the coupled shock wave and oil-gas explosion

1.
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究激波与油气爆炸耦合作用下浅埋式混凝土结构油库的破坏损伤模式，设计制作了浅埋式钢筋混凝土结构油库的缩比模型，研究了油库结构、油气类型、油气量及爆源位置对混凝土油库破坏损伤模式的影响机制。研究结果表明：爆炸激波作用于油库顶盖造成迎爆面冲切贯穿破坏和背爆面剥离损伤，且柴油量为50%（即半库）时顶盖的破坏程度大于柴油量为100%（即满库）时；柴油量为100%并加装顶盖时，冲击波超压上升阶段会出现2个峰值，柴油量为50%并加装顶盖时，由于内部空腔的界面反射作用，超压上升阶段出现了3个峰值，并且冲击波正压持时明显延长；库体底部起爆时，油库顶盖和整体均产生严重破坏，冲击波在角隅处反射叠加，会导致油库主体角隅处出现明显的剪切开裂；相比于柴油量为50%时，汽油量为50%时爆炸产生的火球范围更大，燃烧时间更长，但油库主体结构并不会被破坏。
- 浅埋油库 /
- 混凝土结构 /
- 损伤模式 /
- 冲击波
Abstract: To investigate the failure and damage modes of shallow-buried reinforced concrete (RC) oil depots under coupled shock wave and oil-gas explosion, a scaled model of a shallow-buried reinforced concrete oil depot was designed. The influence mechanisms of the oil depot structure, oil type and content, and explosion source location on the damage and failure modes of the concrete oil depot were studied. The results show that the blast shock wave acting on the oil depot cover causes punching-perforation failure on the blast-facing side and spalling failure on the blast-opposite side. The damage of the cover containing 50% diesel is more severe than that at 100% diesel content. For 100% diesel with the cover installed, two peaks appear during the overpressure rise stage of the shock wave. For 50% diesel with the cover installed, due to interface reflections in internal cavity, three peaks appear during the overpressure rise stage compared with the full-oil case, and the positive pressure duration of the shock wave is significantly prolonged. When the explosion is initiated at the bottom of the depot, both the cover and the entire depot structure are severely damaged. Reflected wave superposition at the corners leads to significant shear cracking at the edges of the main structure. Compared with the explosion of 50% diesel, the explosion of 50% gasoline produces a larger fireball and a longer combustion duration, but does not cause damage to the main structure of the oil depot.
- Shallow-buried oil depot /
- reinforced concrete structure /
- damage mode /
- shock wave

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图 1 试验模型钢筋绑扎

Figure 1. Rebar tying of the test model

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图 2 试验模型

Figure 2. Test model

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图 3 试验爆源

Figure 3. Test explosion source

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图 4 试验仪器设备

Figure 4. Instruments and equipment in test

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图 5 传感器布置

Figure 5. Sensor layout

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图 6 油库顶盖迎爆面破坏损伤情况

Figure 6. Damage and destruction conditions of the explosion-facing side of the oil depot roof cover

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图 7 油库顶盖背爆面破坏损伤情况

Figure 7. Damage and destruction of the back-explosion side of the oil depot roof cover

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图 8 盖板损伤机理示意

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the damage mechanism in cover plate

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图 9 柴油、汽油爆炸过程对比

Figure 9. Comparison of diesel and gasoline explosion processes

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图 10 工况2的爆坑及库体情况

Figure 10. Explosion crater and depot body conditions in case 2

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图 11 工况5高速摄影图像

Figure 11. High-speed photography images of case 5

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图 12 工况5油库模型破坏情况

Figure 12. Destruction of the oil depot model in case 5

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图 13 冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 13. Shock wave overpressure time-history curves

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图 14 爆炸峰值超压空间衰减规律

Figure 14. Spatial attenuation law of explosion peak overpressure

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图 15 各工况下PT1测点处的冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 15. Shock wave overpressure time-history curves at PT1 measurement point under various test conditions

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表 1 试验工况

Table 1. Test conditions

工况	爆源质量/ kg	是否安装顶盖	爆源位置	介质	介质量/%
1	0.64	是	油库顶部中心	柴油	100
2	0.64	是	两库（a、b）中心地面	柴油	a: 100、 b: 50
3	0.64	是	油库顶部中心	柴油	50
4	0.64	否	油库顶部中心	汽油	50
5	0.58	是	油库底部中心	水	100

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表 2 顶盖破坏损伤数据

Table 2. Damage and destruction data of the roof cover

工况		最大贯穿直径/cm	配筋最大挠度/cm	背爆面最大剥离距离/cm
柴油量/%	顶盖	最大贯穿直径/cm	配筋最大挠度/cm	横向	纵向
100	有	27	12	52	30
50	有	27	26	120	42

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表 3 冲击波到达PT1测点的时间及正压持时

Table 3. Arrival time and positive pressure duration of shock wave at PT1 measurement point under various test conditions

工况	顶盖情况	起爆位置	到达PT1时间/ms	正压持时/ms
充装100%柴油	有	顶盖中心	1.26	1.37
a充装100%柴油 b充装50%柴油	/	两库(a、b)之间地面中心	1.59	1.55
充装50%柴油	有	顶盖中心	1.37	1.65
充装50%汽油	/	顶部油气中心	1.77	1.34

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