乙醇液雾爆炸与泄爆特性研究

张天文; 唐堃; 王林江; 李亚飞; 孟子峣; 苑春苗; 李刚; 于小哲

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0070

乙醇液雾爆炸与泄爆特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0070

东北大学资源与土木工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110819

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52574231）；辽宁省自然科学基金联合基金（2023-MSBA-092）

详细信息

作者简介:
张天文（2006－　），男，所示研究生，zhangtw@mails.neu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
于小哲（1988－　），男，博士，副教授，yuxiaozhe@mail.neu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X932
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- 文章访问数: 637
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-10
- 修回日期: 2026-06-10
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-12

Study on explosion and venting characteristics of ethanol mist

School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 乙醇液雾闪点低、蒸气压高，工业储运中易引发燃爆事故，爆炸泄放是其核心安全防护措施。为揭示乙醇液雾泄爆特征，为工业泄爆设计提供实验依据，依托20 L球形爆炸容器，集成液雾分散、点火、压力和火焰采集、爆炸泄放单元搭建实验平台，在0~800 g/m³质量浓度范围、3种泄爆口径、6种静态动作压力下，开展乙醇爆炸及泄爆实验研究。结果表明：静态动作压力升高、泄爆口径减小会提升爆炸压力、抑制火焰传播，随着静态动作压力升高，最大爆炸压力会同时升高、火焰平均传播速度也同时降低；泄爆口径扩大时，火焰峰值速度提升；小口径使火焰射流细长、火花集中，高静态动作压力会延后火焰出现时间并增加火花生成量；基于实验数据修正NFPA68标准公式，建立适用于乙醇液雾的泄爆面积模型。研究成果可为乙醇工业储运过程中的泄爆系统优化设计提供数据支撑与实验参考。
- 乙醇液雾 /
- 燃爆特征 /
- 泄爆特性 /
- 泄爆模型
Abstract: Due to the low flash point and high vapor pressure of ethanol, serious combustion and explosion accidents are readily triggered during industrial storage and transportation, and explosion venting is therefore regarded as a critical safety protection measure. To reveal the explosion venting characteristics of ethanol mist and provide experimental guidance for industrial venting design, a comprehensive experimental platform was established based on a 20 L spherical explosion vessel, integrating mist dispersion, ignition, pressure and flame acquisition, and explosion venting units. Explosion and venting experiments of ethanol mist were carried out under a mass concentration range of 0~800 g/m³, with three different vent diameters and six distinct static activation pressures. The results show that increasing the static activation pressure and reducing the venting diameter lead to higher explosion pressures and suppressed flame propagation. When the static activation pressure is increased, the maximum explosion pressure is increased, while the average flame propagation velocity is reduced at the same time. When the venting diameter is enlarged, the maximum flame propagation velocity is increased. A smaller venting diameter results in a more elongated flame jet with concentrated sparks, whereas a higher static activation pressure delays the flame appearance time and increases spark generation. Based on the experimental data, the venting area equation specified in the NFPA 68 standard is modified, and a venting area model applicable to ethanol mist explosions is established. The findings provide valuable experimental evidence and data support for the optimization and design of explosion venting systems in the industrial storage and transportation of ethanol.
- ethanol mist /
- explosion characteristics /
- explosion venting characteristics /
- explosion venting model

HTML全文

图 1 实验测试系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental test system

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图 2 静态动作压力测试结果拟合曲线

Figure 2. Fitting curve of static actuation pressure test results

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图 3 不同质量浓度下乙醇液雾爆炸特性参数

Figure 3. Explosion characteristic parameters of ethanol spray at different mass concentrations

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图 4 最大爆炸压力与静态动作压力的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between maximum explosion pressure and static actuation pressure

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图 5 各工况火焰传播速度随时间的变化曲线及平均传播速度变化趋势

Figure 5. Variation curves of flame propagation velocity with time and trend of average propagation velocity under various working conditions

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图 6 n=6时，D=60 mm、80 mm和100 mm瞬态泄爆火焰结构

Figure 6. Transient burst flame structures under the conditions of n=6 and D=60 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, respectively

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图 7 D=100 mm条件下，n=6和8瞬态泄爆火焰结构

Figure 7. Transient burst flame structures under the conditions of D=100 mm and n=6, and 8, respectively

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表 1 静态动作压力计算模型预测结果

Table 1. Predicted results of static actuation pressure calculation model

n	p_st/kPa
n	D=60 mm	D=80 mm	D=100 mm
6	320.22	240.60	197.04
8	426.96	320.80	262.72

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表 2 各工况实验数据

Table 2. Experimental data under various working conditions

工况	p_st/kPa	p_max/kPa	K_st/(kPa·m·s⁻¹)	D/mm	A_v/m²
1	320.22	388.78	7849.01	60	0.002827
2	426.96	512.59	9624.39	60	0.002827
3	240.60	303.27	6634.29	80	0.005027
4	320.80	315.88	6980.20	80	0.005027
5	197.04	186.36	3270.42	100	0.007854
6	262.72	295.14	5326.12	100	0.007854

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