摘要:
为解决云爆战斗部的云爆药剂在中心分散装药爆轰驱动抛撒过程中易发生的蹿火问题,结合中心分散装药结构设计,炸药选用压装钝化黑索金(RDX)+不同比例消焰剂(如NaCl等),采用高速录像和红外成像仪研究了RDX中添加不同比例NaCl后爆炸火球产生的高温及火焰的抑制情况。试验结果表明:随着NaCl含量的增加,分散装药的爆速、爆热和爆炸火球温度均不断降低;在相同装药质量前提下,当NaCl含量增加至10%时,爆速降低4.1%,爆热降低8.4%,火球最高温度降低30.7%、200℃以上的高温持续时间缩短70.9%;同时开展了验证试验,采用装填5%NaCl中心分散装药的云爆药剂,云雾分散未发生蹿火现象。表明云爆弹中的分散装药通过添加NaCl消焰剂可以有效防止云雾在爆炸抛撒中发生蹿火的问题。
关键词:
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消焰剂 /
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分散装药 /
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蹿火 /
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云爆战斗部
Abstract:
To address the flame jetting problem occurring during the detonation-driven dispersal of the fuel-air explosive (FAE) mixture by the central dispersion charge in an FAE warhead, this study combines charge structural design with the incorporation of flame suppressants. The selected explosive was pressed passivated RDX, with varying mass fractions of sodium chloride (NaCl) as a suppressant, to form the dispersion charge. A comprehensive experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the inhibition of high temperature and flame in the post-detonation fireball, as well as the corresponding detonation performance. High-speed video imaging and calibrated infrared thermography were used to capture the temporal and spatial evolution of the explosion fireball, enabling quantification of peak temperature and the duration of elevated temperature. In parallel, an explosive detonation velocity measurement technique employing ionization probes positioned at multiple axial locations along the cylindrical charge was adopted to systematically study the detonation velocity variation at different positions within the charge body after adding different NaCl proportions, and the relevant variation patterns were derived. The experimental results demonstrate a clear monotonic trend: with increasing NaCl content, the detonation velocity, heat of detonation, and fireball temperature all decrease monotonically. In particular, for a fixed total charge mass, when the NaCl content was increased to 10% by weight, the detonation velocity decreased by 4.1%, the heat of detonation dropped by 8.4%, the maximum fireball temperature was reduced by 30.7%, and the duration for which the fireball temperature exceeded 200℃ was shortened by 70.9% compared with the pure RDX baseline. The multi-point detonation velocity measurements further revealed that the detonation wave remained steady along the charge axis, and the velocity reduction was uniform. indicating that NaCl does not disrupt the detonation propagation stability. To validate the practical efficacy, full-scale verification tests were conducted using a FAE mixture integrated with a central dispersion charge containing 5% NaCl. This indicates that adding NaCl as a flame suppressant to the dispersion charge in FAE munitions can effectively prevent flashback during the explosive dispersal of the fuel-air cloud.