摘要:
页岩气作为非常规清洁能源的重要组成部分,对保障能源安全和推进低碳能源转型具有重要意义。射孔是页岩气储层改造的关键前置环节,其孔道形成质量和诱导损伤特征直接影响后续压裂改造效果。为揭示层理角度对深部页岩聚能射流侵彻行为及致裂响应的影响,本文基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了“射孔弹-空气-页岩”三维耦合数值模型,采用DP46HMX42-Y型射孔弹,设置无层理页岩以及0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和90°层理页岩计算工况,并采用ALE流固耦合算法模拟聚能射流侵彻页岩的动态过程。重点分析了射流速度与形态演化、射孔孔道形成、损伤分布特征及裂纹诱导规律。结果表明:层理角度对射流侵彻过程具有显著影响,同一时刻射流头部速度随层理角度增大整体升高,其中90°层理页岩的侵彻深度最大,较无层理页岩提高约10%。孔道体积分析表明,层理结构有利于增加射孔孔道体积,其中0°和90°层理工况的提升效果最为明显。损伤演化结果显示,含层理页岩的总体损伤体积普遍小于无层理页岩,且损伤体积随层理角度增大呈下降趋势;层理面对损伤扩展具有明显导向作用,可促使损伤区域沿层理方向延展,并在层理界面附近诱导形成次生裂纹。进一步的截面损伤分析表明,页岩压剪损伤区半径与侵彻深度整体呈负相关关系,最大裂纹长度随侵彻深度增加呈波动下降趋势,截面损伤面积和分形维数也随侵彻深度增加总体减小。研究结果可为深部页岩储层射孔参数优化及后续压裂改造提供数值参考。
Abstract:
Shale gas, as an important unconventional clean energy resource, plays a significant role in ensuring energy security and promoting low-carbon energy transition. Perforation is a key preliminary process for shale reservoir stimulation, and the quality of the perforation channel and the associated damage characteristics directly affect subsequent fracturing performance. To clarify the influence of bedding angle on shaped-charge jet penetration and fracture response in deep shale, a three-dimensional coupled numerical model consisting of a perforating charge, air domain, and shale target was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. A DP46HMX42-Y perforating charge was adopted, and numerical cases with non-bedded shale and bedded shale at angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° were considered. The ALE fluid-structure coupling algorithm was used to simulate the dynamic penetration process of the shaped-charge jet into shale. The jet velocity and morphology evolution, perforation-channel formation, damage distribution, and crack-inducing behavior were systematically analyzed. The results show that the bedding angle has a significant effect on jet penetration. At the same moment, the jet-head velocity generally increases with increasing bedding angle, and the 90° bedded shale exhibits the greatest penetration depth, approximately 10% higher than that of the non-bedded shale. The channel-volume results indicate that bedding structures promote the formation of larger perforation channels, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the 0° and 90° bedding cases. The damage-evolution results show that the total damage volume of bedded shale is generally smaller than that of non-bedded shale, and decreases with increasing bedding angle. Bedding planes exert a clear guiding effect on damage propagation, causing the damage zone to extend along the bedding direction and inducing secondary cracks near bedding interfaces. Further cross-sectional damage analysis indicates that the radius of the compression-shear damage zone is negatively correlated with penetration depth, while the maximum crack length decreases in a fluctuating manner as penetration depth increases. The cross-sectional damage area and fractal dimension also generally decrease with increasing penetration depth. These findings provide numerical guidance for optimizing perforation parameters and improving subsequent fracturing stimulation in deep shale reservoirs.